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Primordial black holes (PBHs) represent a natural candidate for one of the components of the dark matter (DM) in the Universe. In this review, we shall discuss the basics of their formation, abundance and signatures. Some of their…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-03 Pablo Villanueva-Domingo , Olga Mena , Sergio Palomares-Ruiz

We discuss the various ways in which primordial black holes may have formed in the early Universe and how the effects of such black holes can be used to place constraints on cosmological models. We show that such constraints may be severely…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. J. Carr , C. A. Goymer

In this letter, combining peak theory and the numerical analysis of gravitational collapse in the radiation dominated era, we show that the abundance of primordial blacks holes, generated by an enhancement in the inflationary power…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-16 Cristiano Germani , Ilia Musco

The critical formation of low-mass black holes is a historical cornerstone of numerical General Relativity, with important implications in cosmology for censorship conjectures and the production of primordial black holes (PBHs). Concurrent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-28 Cole Kelson-Packer , John Belz

We consider two quantum cosmological models with a massive scalar field: an ordinary Friedmann universe and a universe containing primordial black holes. For both models we discuss the complex solutions to the Euclidean Einstein equations.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 R. Bousso , S. W. Hawking

Based on a physical argument, we derive a new analytic formula for the amplitude of density perturbation at the threshold of primordial black hole formation in the universe dominated by a perfect fluid with the equation of state $p=w\rho…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Tomohiro Harada , Chul-Moon Yoo , Kazunori Kohri

We study the formation of primordial black holes when they are generated by the collapse of large overdensities in the early universe. Since the density contrast is related to the comoving curvature perturbation by a nonlinear relation, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-01 V. De Luca , G. Franciolini , A. Kehagias , M. Peloso , A. Riotto , C. Ünal

We calculate the contribution to the curvature perturbation, that is generated while the waterfall field grows exponentially (which can occur only if the waterfall field mass is $m\gg H$). We consider the upper bound on its spectrum coming…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-11 David H. Lyth

In this work, we explore the production of primordial black holes (PBHs) within the context of $\alpha$-attractor inflationary models, focusing on the preheating phase following inflation. During this phase, self-resonance instabilities…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-26 Daniel del-Corral , Paolo Gondolo , K. Sravan Kumar , João Marto

We investigate the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) from the collapse of spherically symmetric domain wall bubbles, which spontaneously nucleate via quantum tunneling during inflation. Since the tension of domain walls changes…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-22 Jing Liu , Zong-Kuan Guo , Rong-Gen Cai

In the context of transient constant-roll inflation near a local maximum, we derive the non-perturbative field redefinition that relates a Gaussian random field with the true non-Gaussian curvature perturbation. Our analysis shows the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-09 Vicente Atal , Jaume Garriga , Airam Marcos-Caballero

In recent years the threshold of black hole formation in spherically symmetric gravitational collapse has been studied for a variety of matter models. In this paper the corresponding issue is investigated for a matter model significantly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-25 Gerhard Rein , Alan D. Rendall , Jack Schaeffer

We investigate the viability of primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the Standard Model (SM) in a scenario that does not rely on specific inflationary features or any exotic physics such as phase transitions or non-minimal coupling to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-04 Ioanna Stamou , Sebastien Clesse

As first discovered by Choptuik, the black hole threshold in the space of initial data for general relativity shows both surprising structure and surprising simplicity. Universality, power-law scaling of the black hole mass, and scale…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-14 Carsten Gundlach , David Hilditch , José M. Martín-García

We show that four-dimensional black holes become stable below certain mass when the Einstein-Hilbert action is supplemented with higher-curvature terms. We prove this to be the case for an infinite family of ghost-free theories involving…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-26 Pablo Bueno , Pablo A. Cano

We study the evolution of primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early universe in the presence of a surrounding thermal bath. By incorporating the effects of thermal absorption, we show that PBHs can undergo significant mass growth,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-26 Md Riajul Haque , Rajesh Karmakar , Yann Mambrini

Studying the threshold of black hole formation via numerical evolution has led to the discovery of fascinating nonlinear phenomena. Power-law mass scaling, aspects of universality, and self-similarity have now been found for a large variety…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Steven L. Liebling

We in this paper investigate the formation and evolution of primordial black holes (PBHs) in nonsingular bouncing cosmologies. We discuss the formation of PBH in the contracting phase and calculate the PBH abundance as a function of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-18 Jie-Wen Chen , Junyu Liu , Hao-Lan Xu , Yi-Fu Cai

We describe the changes to the standard primordial black hole constraints on density perturbations if there are modifications to the standard cosmology between the time of formation and nucleosynthesis.

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-26 Andrew R Liddle , Anne M Green

If primordial black holes (PBHs) formed at the quark-hadron epoch, their mass must be close to the Chandrasekhar limit, this also being the characteristic mass of stars. If they provide the dark matter (DM), the collapse fraction must be of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-16 Bernard Carr , Sebastien Clesse , Juan García-Bellido