Related papers: Is a photon ring invariably a closed structure?
A compact object illuminated by background radiation produces a dark silhouette. The edge of the silhouette or shadow (alternatively, the apparent boundary or the critical curve) is commonly determined by the presence of the photon sphere…
Radiation emitted near a black hole reaches the observer by multiple paths; and when this radiation varies in time, the time-delays between the various paths generate a "blinking" effect in the observed light curve L(t) or its…
The inertial and gravitational mass of electromagnetic radiation (i.e., a photon distribution) in a cavity with reflecting walls has been treated by many authors for over a century. After many contending discussions, a consensus has emerged…
Astrophysical black holes are embedded in surrounding dark and baryonic matter that can measurably perturb the spacetime. We construct a self-consistent spacetime describing a slowly rotating black hole embedded in an external matter…
We investigate black holes with non-minimal couplings between the electromagnetic field and spacetime curvature, focusing on their event horizons, shadows, and photon rings. Such couplings can naturally arise from both classical effective…
This paper investigates the optical appearance of a Schwarzschild-like black hole (BH) surrounded by a Dehnen-(1, 4, 5/2) type dark matter (DM) halo, with a focus on how the DM halo's density $\rho_{s}$ and radius $r_{s}$ influence the BH's…
In this paper, by exploring the photon motion in the region near the Bardeen black hole, the shadow and observation properties of the black hole surrounded by various accretion models are studied. We analyzed the changes in shadow imaging…
We study black hole imaging in the context of geometrically thick accretion disks in Schwarzschild spacetime. By decomposing the emitting region into a set of one-dimensional luminous segments, each characterized by its inclination angle…
This work is devoted to the study of photon trajectories around rotating boson stars. The basic properties of boson star models are given with a particular emphasis on the high compactness those objects can have. Using an effective…
The radial motion of photons emitted near the horizon of a black hole that evaporates at a steady rate is examined. The space-time of the black hole is generated using non-orthogonal coordinates. It is shown that some photons that are…
We analyze a system consisting of an oscillator coupled to a field. With the field traced out as an environment, the oscillator loses coherence on a very short {\it decoherence timescale}; but, on a much longer {\it relaxation timescale},…
The Kerr-Bertotti-Robinson (Kerr-BR) black hole, a theoretical model of a rotating black hole immersed in a uniform magnetic field, has been proposed recently by Podolsky and Ovcharenko. This study investigates the optical characteristics…
We have studied the shadows of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a Bach-Weyl ring through the backward ray-tracing method. The presence of Bach-Weyl ring leads to that the photon dynamical system is non-integrable and then chaos…
We consider monochromatic and isotropic photon emission from circular equatorial Kerr orbiters. We derive analytic expressions for the photon escape probability and the redshift-dependent total flux collected on the celestial sphere as a…
Black holes are real astrophysical objects, but their interiors are hidden and can only be "observed" through mathematics. The structure of rotating black holes is typically illustrated with the help of special coordinates. But any such…
A horizonless ultracompact object can have a stable antiphoton sphere, which causes the strong deflection of photons inside the unstable photon sphere, leading to the formation of distinctive inner photon rings. In this work, we present…
Black holes in General Relativity are described by space-time metrics that are simpler in comparison to non-vacuum compact objects. However, given the universality of the gravitational pull, it is expected that dark matter accumulates…
Black hole images present an annular region of enhanced brightness. In the absence of propagation effects, this "photon ring" has universal features that are completely governed by general relativity and independent of the details of the…
Images of supermassive black holes produced using very long baseline interferometry provide a pathway to directly observing effects of a highly curved spacetime, such as a bright ``photon ring'' that arises from strongly lensed emission. In…
The recent advancements in black hole imaging have opened a new era of probing horizon-scale physics with electromagnetic radiation. However, a feature of the observed images, a bright ring encircling a relatively dark region, has not…