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Open-ended questions, which require students to produce multi-word, nontrivial responses, are a popular tool for formative assessment as they provide more specific insights into what students do and don't know. However, grading open-ended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Owen Henkel , Libby Hills , Bill Roberts , Joshua McGrane

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to automate student assessment in education. Among different types of assessments, summative assessments play a crucial role in evaluating a student's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Dishank Aggarwal , Pritam Sil , Bhaskaran Raman , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

In technical subjects characterized by high enrollment, such as Basic Hydraulics, the assessment of reports necessitates superior levels of objectivity, consistency, and formative feedback; goals often compromised by faculty workload. This…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hugo Roger Paz

Large Language Models (LLMs) challenge the validity of traditional open-ended assessments by blurring the lines of authorship. While recent research has focused on the accuracy of automated scoring (AES), these static approaches fail to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tom Lee , Sihoon Lee , Seonghun Kim

Intelligent tutoring systems have long enabled automated immediate feedback on student work when it is presented in a tightly structured format and when problems are very constrained, but reliably assessing free-form mathematical reasoning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Aron Gohr , Marie-Amelie Lawn , Kevin Gao , Inigo Serjeant , Stephen Heslip

Peer grading systems make large courses more scalable, provide students with faster and more detailed feedback, and help students to learn by thinking critically about the work of others. A key obstacle to the broader adoption of peer…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Hedayat Zarkoob , Hu Fu , Kevin Leyton-Brown

In AI-rich higher education, polished written mathematics has become easier to produce than trustworthy evidence of understanding. This article develops a human-scale methodology for service mathematics, with informatics as its main running…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Siniša Miličić

In this work, we show a methodology aimed to improve the quality of the assessment process for subjects related to basic programming. The method takes into account the relevance of the items and the students answers to follow different…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-03-07 P. Molins-Ruano , C. González-Sacristán , F. Díez , P. Rodriguez , G. M. Sacha

Humans increasingly interact with Artificial intelligence(AI) systems. AI systems are optimized for objectives such as minimum computation or minimum error rate in recognizing and interpreting inputs from humans. In contrast, inputs created…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Johannes Schneider

We conducted a systematic literature review on automated grading and feedback tools for programming education. We analysed 121 research papers from 2017 to 2021 inclusive and categorised them based on skills assessed, approach, language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Marcus Messer , Neil C. C. Brown , Michael Kölling , Miaojing Shi

In courses that involve programming assignments, giving meaningful feedback to students is an important challenge. Human beings can give useful feedback by manually grading the programs but this is a time-consuming, labor intensive, and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Joshua Clune , Vijay Ramamurthy , Ruben Martins , Umut A. Acar

This study aims to develop an adaptive learning platform that leverages generative AI to automate assessment creation and feedback delivery. The platform provides self-correcting tests and personalised feedback that adapts to each learners…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Riya Gill , Ievgeniia Kuzminykh , Maher Salem , Bogdan Ghita

We explore the effectiveness and reliability of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based grading system for a handwritten general chemistry exam, comparing AI-assigned scores to human grading across various types of questions. Exam pages and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jan Cvengros , Gerd Kortemeyer

PURPOSE OR GOAL: This study investigates how GenAI can be integrated with a criterion-referenced grading framework to improve the efficiency and quality of grading for mathematical assessments in engineering. It specifically explores the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Lili Chen , Winn Wing-Yiu Chow , Stella Peng , Bencheng Fan , Sachitha Bandara

Grading in large undergraduate STEM courses often yields minimal feedback due to heavy instructional workloads. We present a large-scale empirical study of AI grading on real, handwritten single-variable calculus work from UC Irvine. Using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhiqi Yu , Xingping Liu , Haobin Mao , Mingshuo Liu , Long Chen , Jack Xin , Yifeng Yu

This study explores the classroom implementation of an AI-powered grading platform in K-12 settings through a co-design pilot with 19 teachers. We combine platform usage logs, surveys, and qualitative interviews to examine how teachers use…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zewei Tian , Alex Liu , Lief Esbenshade , Shawon Sarkar , Zachary Zhang , Kevin He , Min Sun

This pioneering study explores students' perceptions of AI-giarism, an emergent form of academic dishonesty involving AI and plagiarism, within the higher education context. A survey, undertaken by 393 undergraduate and postgraduate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Cecilia Ka Yuk Chan

Despite growing interest in using LLMs to generate feedback on students' writing, little is known about how students respond to AI-mediated versus human-provided feedback. We address this gap through a randomized controlled trial in a large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xinyi Lu , Kexin Phyllis Ju , Mitchell Dudley , Larissa Sano , Xu Wang

Automated Short Answer Grading (ASAG) has been an active area of machine-learning research for over a decade. It promises to let educators grade and give feedback on free-form responses in large-enrollment courses in spite of limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Gerd Kortemeyer

Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) is a well-established educational pursuit that employs machine learning to evaluate student-authored essays. While much effort has been made in this area, current research primarily focuses on either (i)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Kaixun Yang , Mladen Raković , Yuyang Li , Quanlong Guan , Dragan Gašević , Guanliang Chen