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Automatic assessment needs short answer based evaluation and automated assessment. Various techniques used are Ontology, Semantic similarity matching and Statistical methods. An automatic short answer assessment system is attempted in this…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-11-09 P. Selvi , A. K. Bnerjee

Access to high-quality education at scale is limited by the difficulty of providing student feedback on open-ended assignments in structured domains like computer programming, graphics, and short response questions. This problem has proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Ali Malik , Mike Wu , Vrinda Vasavada , Jinpeng Song , Madison Coots , John Mitchell , Noah Goodman , Chris Piech

Automatic short answer scoring (ASAS) helps reduce the grading burden on educators but often lacks detailed, explainable feedback. Existing methods in ASAS with feedback (ASAS-F) rely on fine-tuning language models with limited datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Menna Fateen , Bo Wang , Tsunenori Mine

Education is being transformed by rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), including emerging Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI). Such technology can significantly support academics and students by automating monotonous tasks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Wasiq Khan , Luke K. Topham , Peter Atherton , Raghad Al-Shabandar , Hoshang Kolivand , Iftikhar Khan , Abir Hussain

This study investigates students' perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) grading systems in an undergraduate computer science course (n = 27), focusing on a block-based programming final project. Guided by the ethical principles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Bahare Riahi , Viktoriia Storozhevykh , Veronica Catete

Automatic essay grading (AEG) is a process in which machines assign a grade to an essay written in response to a topic, called the prompt. Zero-shot AEG is when we train a system to grade essays written to a new prompt which was not present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Sandeep Mathias , Rudra Murthy , Diptesh Kanojia , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Automatic grading is not a new approach but the need to adapt the latest technology to automatic grading has become very important. As the technology has rapidly became more powerful on scoring exams and essays, especially from the 1990s…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Neslihan Suzen , Alexander Gorban , Jeremy Levesley , Evgeny Mirkes

The development in Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential for redefining student assessment methodologies. This paper aims to establish the idea of the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its prospect in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Pushpalatha K S , Abhishek Mangalur , Ketan Hegde , Chetan Badachi , Mohammad Aamir

Autograding short textual answers has become much more feasible due to the rise of NLP and the increased availability of question-answer pairs brought about by a shift to online education. Autograding performance is still inferior to human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Johannes Schneider , Robin Richner , Micha Riser

Open-ended short-answer questions (SAGs) have been widely recognized as a powerful tool for providing deeper insights into learners' responses in the context of learning analytics (LA). However, SAGs often present challenges in practice due…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yucheng Chu , Hang Li , Kaiqi Yang , Harry Shomer , Hui Liu , Yasemin Copur-Gencturk , Jiliang Tang

Receiving timely and personalized feedback is essential for second-language learners, especially when human instructors are unavailable. This study explores the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs), including both proprietary and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Changrong Xiao , Wenxing Ma , Qingping Song , Sean Xin Xu , Kunpeng Zhang , Yufang Wang , Qi Fu

The use of automatic short answer grading (ASAG) models may help alleviate the time burden of grading while encouraging educators to frequently incorporate open-ended items in their curriculum. However, current state-of-the-art ASAG models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Aubrey Condor , Zachary Pardos

Large programming courses struggle to provide timely, detailed feedback on student code. We developed Mark My Works, a local autograding system that combines traditional unit testing with LLM-generated explanations. The system uses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yiding Qiu , Seyed Mahdi Azimi , Artem Lensky

Automatic short answer grading is an important research direction in the exploration of how to use artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools to improve education. Current state-of-the-art approaches use neural language models to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Mengxue Zhang , Sami Baral , Neil Heffernan , Andrew Lan

Automatic grading models are valued for the time and effort saved during the instruction of large student bodies. Especially with the increasing digitization of education and interest in large-scale standardized testing, the popularity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Anna Filighera , Sebastian Ochs , Tim Steuer , Thomas Tregel

Subjective Answer Grading (SAG) plays a crucial role in education, standardized testing, and automated assessment systems, particularly for evaluating short-form responses in Short Answer Scoring (SAS). However, existing approaches often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Peichao Lai , Kexuan Zhang , Yi Lin , Linyihan Zhang , Feiyang Ye , Jinhao Yan , Yanwei Xu , Conghui He , Yilei Wang , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

The use of automatic grading tools has become nearly ubiquitous in large undergraduate programming courses, and recent work has focused on improving the quality of automatically generated feedback. However, there is a relative lack of data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Abe Leite , Saúl A. Blanco

The advent of large language models (LLMs) in the education sector has provided impetus to automate grading short answer questions. LLMs make evaluating short answers very efficient, thus addressing issues like staff shortage. However, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Niharika Dadu , Harsh Vardhan Singh , Romi Banerjee

Evaluating student responses, from long essays to short factual answers, is a key challenge in educational NLP. Automated Essay Scoring (AES) focuses on holistic writing qualities such as coherence and argumentation, while Automatic Short…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tasfia Seuti , Sagnik Ray Choudhury

Automated short answer scoring (ASAS) is shifting from discriminative, fine-tuned models to large language models (LLMs) used in few-shot settings. This paradigm leverages LLMs broad world knowledge and ease of deployment, but limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Abigail Victoria Gurin Schleifer , Moriah Ariely , Beata Beigman Klebanov , Asaf Salman , Giora Alexandron