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Maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding for arbitrary block codes remains fundamentally hard, with worst-case time complexity-measured by the total number of multiplications-being no better than straightforward exhaustive search, which requires…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hoang Ly , Emina Soljanin , Michael Schleppy

The generation speed of LLMs are bottlenecked by autoregressive decoding, where tokens are predicted sequentially one by one. Alternatively, diffusion large language models (dLLMs) theoretically allow for parallel token generation, but in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Daniel Israel , Guy Van den Broeck , Aditya Grover

To facilitate applications in IoT, 5G, and beyond, there is an engineering need to enable high-rate, low-latency communications. Errors in physical channels typically arrive in clumps, but most decoders are designed assuming that channels…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Wei An , Muriel Médard , Ken R. Duffy

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities, they are hindered by significant resource consumption and considerable latency due to autoregressive processing. In this study, we introduce Adaptive N-gram Parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Jie Ou , Yueming Chen , Wenhong Tian

Polar codes are a class of linear block codes that provably achieves channel capacity. They have been selected as a coding scheme for the control channel of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) scenario for $5^{\text{th}}$ generation wireless…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Furkan Ercan , Thibaud Tonnellier , Carlo Condo , Warren J. Gross

Recently, a parallel decoding framework of $G_N$-coset codes was proposed. High throughput is achieved by decoding the independent component polar codes in parallel. Various algorithms can be employed to decode these component codes,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Xianbin Wang , Jiajie Tong , Huazi Zhang , Shengchen Dai , Rong Li , Jun Wang

Massive MIMO systems are seen by many researchers as a paramount technology toward next generation networks. This technology consists of hundreds of antennas that are capable of sending and receiving simultaneously a huge amount of data.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-25 A. Dabah , H. Ltaief , Z. Rezki , M. -A. Arfaoui , M. -S. Alouini , D. Keyes

The growing gap between the increasing complexity of large language models (LLMs) and the limited computational budgets of edge devices poses a key challenge for efficient on-device inference, despite gradual improvements in hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios Spatharakis , Saeid Ghafouri , Jiakun Fan , Hans Vandierendonck , Deepu John , Bo Ji , Dimitrios Nikolopoulos

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture have recently emerged as a dominant foundation model for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. Nevertheless, their application in real-time scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Hasan Genc , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami , Sophia Shao

In this paper, the problem of designing a forward link linear precoder for Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems in conjunction with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is addressed. First, we employ a novel and efficient…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Thomas Ketseoglou , Ender Ayanoglu

In this study, we aim to reduce generation latency for Named Entity Recognition (NER) with Large Language Models (LLMs). The main cause of high latency in LLMs is the sequential decoding process, which autoregressively generates all labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Jinghui Lu , Ziwei Yang , Yanjie Wang , Xuejing Liu , Brian Mac Namee , Can Huang

Doubly-selective channels, such as those that occur when the transmitter and the receiver move relative to each other at high speeds, are a key scenario for fifth generation (5G) cellular systems, which are mostly based in the use of the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-30 Tomás Domínguez-Bolaño , José Rodríguez-Piñeiro , José A. García-Naya , Luis Castedo

In this paper we develop a low-complexity coding scheme and system design framework for the half duplex relay channel based on the Quantize-Map-and-Forward (QMF) relay- ing scheme. The proposed framework allows linear complexity operations…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-26 Vinayak Nagpal , I-Hsiang Wang , Milos Jorgovanovic , David Tse , Borivoje Nikolic

The high computational cost of approaching the performance of Maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding has limited its practical use for decades. Because the complexity grows exponentially with the message length, researchers have spent years…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Marwan Jalaleddine , Jiajie Li , Syed Mohsin Abbas , Warren J. Gross

Guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) is a universal maximum-likelihood decoder that recovers code-words by guessing rank-ordered putative noise sequences and inverting their effect until one or more valid code-words are obtained.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Hadi Sarieddeen , Muriel Médard , Ken. R. Duffy

The ordered-reliability bits (ORB) variant of guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND), known as ORBGRAND, achieves remarkably low time complexity at high code rates compared to other GRAND variants. However, its computational…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Mohammad Rowshan , Jinhong Yuan

Massive MIMO OFDM waveforms help support a large number of users in the same time-frequency resource and also provide significant array gain for uplink reception in cellular systems. However, channel estimation in such large antenna systems…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-04 P Aswathylakshmi , Radha Krishna Ganti

Long polar codes can achieve the capacity of arbitrary binary-input discrete memoryless channels under a low complexity successive cancelation (SC) decoding algorithm. But for polar codes with short and moderate code length, the decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Jun Lin , Chenrong Xiong , Zhiyuan Yan

To mitigate the high inference latency stemming from autoregressive decoding in Large Language Models (LLMs), Speculative Decoding has emerged as a novel decoding paradigm for LLM inference. In each decoding step, this method first drafts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Heming Xia , Zhe Yang , Qingxiu Dong , Peiyi Wang , Yongqi Li , Tao Ge , Tianyu Liu , Wenjie Li , Zhifang Sui

We propose a novel optimization-based decoding algorithm for LDPC-coded massive MIMO channels. The proposed decoding algorithm is based on a proximal gradient method for solving an approximate maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding problem.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Tadashi Wadayama , Satoshi Takabe