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Transfer learning is a popular strategy to improve the quality of low-resource machine translation. For an optimal transfer of the embedding layer, the child and parent model should share a substantial part of the vocabulary. This is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Chantal Amrhein , Rico Sennrich

In this work, we provide a systematic and comprehensive empirical comparison of pretrained multilingual language models versus their monolingual counterparts with regard to their monolingual task performance. We study a set of nine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Phillip Rust , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić , Sebastian Ruder , Iryna Gurevych

Most Transformer language models are primarily pretrained on English text, limiting their use for other languages. As the model sizes grow, the performance gap between English and other languages with fewer compute and data resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Malte Ostendorff , Georg Rehm

Both human and machine translation play a central role in cross-lingual transfer learning: many multilingual datasets have been created through professional translation services, and using machine translation to translate either the test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Mikel Artetxe , Gorka Labaka , Eneko Agirre

The success of pretrained cross-lingual language models relies on two essential abilities, i.e., generalization ability for learning downstream tasks in a source language, and cross-lingual transferability for transferring the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Zewen Chi , Heyan Huang , Luyang Liu , Yu Bai , Xian-Ling Mao

Although multilingual language models exhibit impressive cross-lingual transfer capabilities on unseen languages, the performance on downstream tasks is impacted when there is a script disparity with the languages used in the multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Kurt Micallef , Nizar Habash , Claudia Borg , Fadhl Eryani , Houda Bouamor

Cross-lingual transfer is a popular approach to increase the amount of training data for NLP tasks in a low-resource context. However, the best strategy to decide which cross-lingual data to include is unclear. Prior research often focuses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Verena Blaschke , Masha Fedzechkina , Maartje ter Hoeve

Recent years have seen a rise in interest for cross-lingual transfer between languages with similar typology, and between languages of various scripts. However, the interplay between language similarity and difference in script on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Samia Touileb , Jeremy Barnes

Recent research in psycholinguistics has provided increasing evidence that humans predict upcoming content. Prediction also affects perception and might be a key to robustness in human language processing. In this paper, we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Ashutosh Modi , Ivan Titov , Vera Demberg , Asad Sayeed , Manfred Pinkal

While recent work on multilingual language models has demonstrated their capacity for cross-lingual zero-shot transfer on downstream tasks, there is a lack of consensus in the community as to what shared properties between languages enable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Ameet Deshpande , Partha Talukdar , Karthik Narasimhan

Multilingual language models have shown impressive cross-lingual transfer ability across a diverse set of languages and tasks. To improve the cross-lingual ability of these models, some strategies include transliteration and finer-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Sonal Sannigrahi , Rachel Bawden

Cross-lingual transfer is central to modern NLP, enabling models to perform tasks in languages different from those they were trained on. A common assumption is that training on more languages improves zero-shot transfer. We test this on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Roksana Goworek , Haim Dubossarsky

This study investigates the factors influencing the performance of multilingual large language models (MLLMs) across diverse languages. We study 6 MLLMs, including masked language models, autoregressive models, and instruction-tuned LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Sina Bagheri Nezhad , Ameeta Agrawal

Cross-lingual transfer, where a high-resource transfer language is used to improve the accuracy of a low-resource task language, is now an invaluable tool for improving performance of natural language processing (NLP) on low-resource…

An effective method for cross-lingual transfer is to fine-tune a bilingual or multilingual model on a supervised dataset in one language and evaluating it on another language in a zero-shot manner. Translating examples at training time or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Guilherme Moraes Rosa , Luiz Henrique Bonifacio , Leandro Rodrigues de Souza , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Large multilingual language models typically share their parameters across all languages, which enables cross-lingual task transfer, but learning can also be hindered when training updates from different languages are in conflict. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Rochelle Choenni , Dan Garrette , Ekaterina Shutova

Cross-lingual transfer has become a crucial aspect of multilingual NLP, as it allows for models trained on resource-rich languages to be applied to low-resource languages more effectively. Recently massively multilingual pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ajitesh Bankula , Praney Bankula

There is an increasing amount of evidence that in cases with little or no data in a target language, training on a different language can yield surprisingly good results. However, currently there are no established guidelines for choosing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Błażej Dolicki , Gerasimos Spanakis

Script diversity presents a challenge to Multilingual Language Models (MLLM) by reducing lexical overlap among closely related languages. Therefore, transliterating closely related languages that use different writing scripts to a common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ibraheem Muhammad Moosa , Mahmud Elahi Akhter , Ashfia Binte Habib

It is now established that modern neural language models can be successfully trained on multiple languages simultaneously without changes to the underlying architecture. But what kind of knowledge is really shared among languages within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Prajit Dhar , Arianna Bisazza