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Unlike traditional fact-based retrieval, rationale-based retrieval typically necessitates cross-encoding of query-document pairs using large language models, incurring substantial computational costs. To address this limitation, we propose…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Teng Chen , Sheng Xu , Feixiang Guo , Xiaoyu Wang , Qingqing Gu , Hongyan Li , Luo Ji

Polymer literature contains a large and growing body of experimental knowledge, yet much of it is buried in unstructured text and inconsistent terminology, making systematic retrieval and reasoning difficult. Existing tools typically…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Sonakshi Gupta , Akhlak Mahmood , Wei Xiong , Rampi Ramprasad

Accurate prediction and optimization of protein-protein binding affinity is crucial for therapeutic antibody development. Although machine learning-based prediction methods $\Delta\Delta G$ are suitable for large-scale mutant screening,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-19 Kairi Furui , Masahito Ohue

Evolutionary agentic systems intensify the trade-off between computational efficiency and reasoning capability by repeatedly invoking large language models (LLMs) during inference. This setting raises a central question: how can an agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Pretam Ray , Pratik Prabhanjan Brahma , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

Recently the retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been successfully applied in code generation. However, existing pipelines for retrieval-augmented code generation (RACG) employ static knowledge bases with a single source, limiting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Hongjin Su , Shuyang Jiang , Yuhang Lai , Haoyuan Wu , Boao Shi , Che Liu , Qian Liu , Tao Yu

Code embeddings are essential for semantic code search; however, current approaches often struggle to capture the precise syntactic and contextual nuances inherent in code. Open-source models such as CodeBERT and UniXcoder exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Saumya Chaturvedi , Aman Chadha , Laurent Bindschaedler

The Recoil Growth algorithm, proposed in 1999 by Consta et al., is one of the most efficient algorithm available in the literature to sample from a multi-polymer system. Such problems are closely related to the generation of self-avoiding…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2009-07-02 Florian Simatos

The fundamental goal of generative drug design is to propose optimized molecules that meet predefined activity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic criteria. Despite recent progress, we argue that existing generative methods are limited in…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Julien Horwood , Emmanuel Noutahi

Scientific algorithm discovery is iterative: hypotheses are proposed, implemented, stress-tested, and revised. Current LLM-guided search systems accelerate proposal generation, but often under-represent scientific structure by optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Youssef Mroueh , Carlos Fonseca , Brian Belgodere , David Cox

Automating molecular design using deep reinforcement learning (RL) holds the promise of accelerating the discovery of new chemical compounds. Existing approaches work with molecular graphs and thus ignore the location of atoms in space,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-02 Gregor N. C. Simm , Robert Pinsler , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Large Language Models (LLMs) with inference-time scaling techniques show promise for code generation, yet face notable efficiency and scalability challenges. Construction-based tree-search methods suffer from rapid growth in tree size, high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhiyi Lyu , Jianguo Huang , Yanchen Deng , Steven Hoi , Bo An

Given the growing trend of many organizations integrating Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) into their operations, we assess RAG on domain-specific data and test state-of-the-art models across various optimization techniques. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Anum Afzal , Juraj Vladika , Gentrit Fazlija , Andrei Staradubets , Florian Matthes

AlphaEvolve (Novikov et al., 2025) is a generic evolutionary coding agent that combines the generative capabilities of LLMs with automated evaluation in an iterative evolutionary framework that proposes, tests, and refines algorithmic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Bogdan Georgiev , Javier Gómez-Serrano , Terence Tao , Adam Zsolt Wagner

Several AutoML approaches have been proposed to automate the machine learning (ML) process, such as searching for the ML model architectures and hyper-parameters. However, these AutoML pipelines only focus on improving the learning accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Xiaoyang Wang , Bo Li , Yibo Zhang , Bhavya Kailkhura , Klara Nahrstedt

We revisit the problem of large-scale assortment optimization under the multinomial logit choice model without any assumptions on the structure of the feasible assortments. Scalable real-time assortment optimization has become essential in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-02 Deeksha Sinha , Theja Tulabandhula

The latency location routing problem integrates the facility location problem and the multi-depot cumulative capacitated vehicle routing problem. This problem involves making simultaneous decisions about depot locations and vehicle routes…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yuji Zou , Jin-Kao Hao , Qinghua Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing dense retrieval through query augmentation. However, most existing methods treat the LLM and the retriever as separate modules, overlooking the alignment…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sijia Yao , Pengcheng Huang , Zhenghao Liu , Yu Gu , Yukun Yan , Shi Yu , Ge Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code from natural language, but their performance is highly sensitive to prompt formulation. We propose a reinforcement-learning-based framework that models prompt refinement as a sequential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ali Mohammadi Esfahani , Nafiseh Kahani , Samuel A. Ajila

Recent successes in virtual screening have been made possible by large models and extensive chemical libraries. However, combining these elements is challenging: the larger the model, the more expensive it is to run, making ultra-large…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-10 Vlad Vinogradov , Ivan Izmailov , Simon Steshin , Kong T. Nguyen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy for finetuning small language models (SLMs) to solve targeted tasks such as math and coding. However, RL algorithms tend to be resource-intensive, taking a significant amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lianghuan Huang , Sagnik Anupam , Insup Lee , Shuo Li , Osbert Bastani