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Sample efficiency is a fundamental challenge in de novo molecular design. Ideally, molecular generative models should learn to satisfy a desired objective under minimal oracle evaluations (computational prediction or wet-lab experiment).…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-26 Jeff Guo , Philippe Schwaller

CO2 reduction requires efficient catalysts, yet materials discovery remains bottlenecked by 10-20 year development cycles requiring deep domain expertise. This paper demonstrates how large language models can assist the catalyst discovery…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-18 AI Scientists , Xinyi Lin , Danqing Yin , Ying Guo

Recent progress in leveraging large language models (LLMs) has enabled Neural Architecture Design (NAD) systems to generate new architecture not limited from manually predefined search space. Nevertheless, LLM-driven generation remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Gyusam Chang , Jeongyoon Yoon , Shin han yi , JaeHyeok Lee , Sujin Jang , Sangpil Kim

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine learning approach that trains agents to maximize cumulative rewards through interactions with environments. The integration of RL with deep learning has recently resulted in impressive achievements…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Hui Bai , Ran Cheng , Yaochu Jin

High-level synthesis (HLS) allows hardware designers to create hardware designs with high-level programming languages like C/C++/OpenCL, which greatly improves hardware design productivity. However, existing HLS flows require programmers'…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Haocheng Xu , Haotian Hu , Sitao Huang

We study how large language models can be used to evolve inventory policies in online, non-stationary environments. Our work is motivated by recent advances in LLM-based evolutionary search, such as AlphaEvolve, which demonstrates strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chenyu Huang , Jianghao Lin , Zhengyang Tang , Bo Jiang , Ruoqing Jiang , Benyou Wang , Lai Wei

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm to enhance large language models (LLMs) by conditioning generation on external evidence retrieved at inference time. While RAG addresses critical limitations of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chaitanya Sharma

In this work, we presented Pailitao-VL, a comprehensive multi-modal retrieval system engineered for high-precision, real-time industrial search. We here address three critical challenges in the current SOTA solution: insufficient retrieval…

A burgeoning area within reinforcement learning (RL) is the design of sequential decision-making agents centered around large language models (LLMs). While autonomous decision-making agents powered by modern LLMs could facilitate numerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dilip Arumugam , Thomas L. Griffiths

Efficiently steering generative models toward pharmacologically relevant regions of chemical space remains a major obstacle in molecular drug discovery under low-data regimes. We present VECTOR+: Valid-property-Enhanced Contrastive Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Amartya Banerjee , Somnath Kar , Anirban Pal , Debabrata Maiti

Many existing studies have achieved significant improvements in the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), while the enhancement of reasoning abilities in small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhong Guan , Likang Wu , Hongke Zhao , Jiahui Wang , Le Wu

We propose statistically robust and computationally efficient linear learning methods in the high-dimensional batch setting, where the number of features $d$ may exceed the sample size $n$. We employ, in a generic learning setting, two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-30 Ibrahim Merad , Stéphane Gaïffas

Today digital revolution is having a dramatic impact on the pharmaceutical industry and the entire healthcare system. The implementation of machine learning, extreme-scale computer simulations, and big data analytics in the drug design and…

Automated red teaming frameworks for Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly sophisticated, yet many still formulate attack optimization primarily in the prompt space. In other words, these methods mainly search for better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yunhao Chen , Xin Wang , Juncheng Li , Yixu Wang , Jie Li , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang , Xingjun Ma

Automated kernel design is critical for overcoming software ecosystem barriers in emerging hardware platforms like RISC-V. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for automated kernel optimization, demonstrating success in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Siyuan Chen , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation allows to enhance Large Language Models with external knowledge. In response to the recent popularity of generative LLMs, many RAG approaches have been proposed, which involve an intricate number of different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 David Rau , Hervé Déjean , Nadezhda Chirkova , Thibault Formal , Shuai Wang , Vassilina Nikoulina , Stéphane Clinchant

Retrieval-augmented code generation utilizes Large Language Models as the generator and significantly expands their code generation capabilities by providing relevant code, documentation, and more via the retriever. The current approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Xinyu Gao , Yun Xiong , Deze Wang , Zhenhan Guan , Zejian Shi , Haofen Wang , Shanshan Li

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a promising approach for improving code generation in large language models, but its effectiveness is limited by weak and static verification signals in existing coding RL datasets.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Chi Ruan , Dongfu Jiang , Huaye Zeng , Ping Nie , Wenhu Chen

We present a modular framework powered by large language models (LLMs) that automates and streamlines key tasks across the early-stage computational drug discovery pipeline. By combining LLM reasoning with domain-specific tools, the…

The past few years have witnessed a growing interest in LLM-based recommender systems (RSs), although their industrial deployment remains in a preliminary stage. Most existing deployments leverage LLMs offline as feature enhancers,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yunjia Xi , Hangyu Wang , Bo Chen , Jianghao Lin , Menghui Zhu , Weiwen Liu , Ruiming Tang , Zhewei Wei , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu
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