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Related papers: Expectation Entropy as a Password Strength Metric

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Assessing the stability of code generation from large language models (LLMs) is essential for judging their reliability in real-world development. We extend prior "structural-entropy concepts" to the program domain by pairing entropy with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yewei Song , Tiezhu Sun , Xunzhu Tang , Prateek Rajput , Tegawende F. Bissyande , Jacques Klein

Link-prediction is an active research field within network theory, aiming at uncovering missing connections or predicting the emergence of future relationships from the observed network structure. This paper represents our contribution to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-07-20 Federica Parisi , Guido Caldarelli , Tiziano Squartini

Recommendations based on behavioral data may be faced with ambiguous statistical evidence. We consider the case of association rules, relevant e.g.~for query and product recommendations. For example: Suppose that a customer belongs to…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-01-12 Rasmus Pagh , Morten Stöckel

In quantum Shannon theory, various kinds of quantum entropies are used to characterize the capacities of noisy physical systems. Among them, min-entropy and its smooth version attract wide interest especially in the field of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Rong Wang , H. F. Chau

The aim of this work is to study the evolution of password selection among users. We investigate whether users follow best practices when selecting passwords and identify areas in need of improvement. Four distinct publicly-available…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Theodosis Mourouzis , Kyriacos E. Pavlou , Stylianos Kampakis

The rates of quantum cryptographic protocols are usually expressed in terms of a conditional entropy minimized over a certain set of quantum states. In particular, in the device-independent setting, the minimization is over all the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 Peter Brown , Hamza Fawzi , Omar Fawzi

We propose a new type of entropic descriptor that is able to quantify the statistical complexity (a measure of complex behaviour) by taking simultaneously into account the average departures of a system's entropy S from both its maximum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 R. Piasecki , A. Plastino

Shannon Entropy is the preeminent tool for measuring the level of uncertainty (and conversely, information content) in a random variable. In the field of communications, entropy can be used to express the information content of given…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Bill Kay , Audun Myers , Thad Boydston , Emily Ellwein , Cameron Mackenzie , Iliana Alvarez , Erik Lentz

In recent years, numerous incidents involving the leakage of website accounts and text passwords (referred to as passwords) have raised significant concerns regarding the potential exposure of personal information. These events underscore…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Abel C. H. Chen

The entropy of a hierarchical network topology in an ensemble of sparse random networks with "hidden variables" associated to its nodes, is the log-likelihood that a given network topology is present in the chosen ensemble.We obtain a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-13 Ginestra Bianconi , Anthony C. C. Coolen , Conrad J. Perez Vicente

In natural language processing, the entropy of a language is a measure of its unpredictability and complexity. The first study on this subject was conducted by Claude Shannon in 1951. By having participants predict the next character in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Anton Lavreniuk , Mykyta Mudryi , Markiian Chaklosh

The paper proposes a new message passing algorithm for cycle-free factor graphs. The proposed "entropy message passing" (EMP) algorithm may be viewed as sum-product message passing over the entropy semiring, which has previously appeared in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Velimir M. Ilic , Miomir S. Stankovic , Branimir T. Todorovic

The complexity of a system description is a function of the entropy of its symbolic description. Prior to computing the entropy of the system description, an observation scale has to be assumed. In natural language texts, typical scales are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-31 Gerardo Febres , Klaus Jaffe

An efficient approach to the calculation of the $\epsilon$-entropy is proposed. The method is based on the idea of looking at the information content of a string of data, by analyzing the signal only at the instants when the fluctuations…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-31 M. Abel , L. Biferale , M. Cencini , M. Falcioni , D. Vergni , A. Vulpiani

Entropy rate is a real valued functional on the space of discrete random sources which lacks a closed formula even for subclasses of sources which have intuitive parameterizations. A good way to overcome this problem is to examine its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-14 Alexander Schönhuth

We show that the max entropy algorithm can be derandomized (with respect to a particular objective function) to give a deterministic $3/2-\epsilon$ approximation algorithm for metric TSP for some $\epsilon > 10^{-36}$. To obtain our result,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Anna R. Karlin , Nathan Klein , Shayan Oveis Gharan

The security of passwords is dependent on a thorough understanding of the strategies used by attackers. Unfortunately, real-world adversaries use pragmatic guessing tactics like dictionary attacks, which are difficult to simulate in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Fangyi Yu

Motivation: Entropy measurements on hierarchical structures have been used in methods for information retrieval and natural language modeling. Here we explore its application to semantic similarity. By finding shared ontology terms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Andrew Warren , Joao Setubal

We propose a novel approach framed in terms of information theory and entropy to tackle the issue of conspiracy theories propagation. We start with the report of an event (such as 9/11 terroristic attack) represented as a series of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-10-28 Natasa Golo , Serge Galam

Strategyproof mechanisms provide robust equilibrium with minimal assumptions about knowledge and rationality but can be unachievable in combination with other desirable properties such as budget-balance, stability against deviations by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Benjamin Lubin , David C. Parkes