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We propose a method for reconstruction of the density matrix from measurable time-dependent (probability) distributions of physical quantities. The applicability of the method based on least-squares inversion is - compared with other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 T. Opatrny , D. -G. Welsch , W. Vogel

This set of notes re-proves known results on weighted automata (over a field, also known as multiplicity automata). The text offers a unified view on theorems and proofs that have appeared in the literature over decades and were written in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Stefan Kiefer

In this paper, a least-squares finite element method for scalar nonlinear hyperbolic balance laws is proposed and studied. The approach is based on a formulation that utilizes an appropriate Helmholtz decomposition of the flux vector and is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-10-06 Delyan Z. Kalchev , Thomas A. Manteuffel

In this paper, we present two choices of structured spectral gradient methods for solving nonlinear least-squares problems. In the proposed methods, the scalar multiple of identity approximation of the Hessian inverse is obtained by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-31 Hassan Mohammad , Mohammed Yusuf Waziri

We introduce W-spin structures on a Riemann surface and give a precise definition to the corresponding W-spin equations for any quasi-homogeneous polynomial W. Then, we construct examples of nonzero solutions of spin equations in the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2008-02-23 Huijun Fan , Tyler J. Jarvis , Yongbin Ruan

The main purpose of this article is to establish the Runge-type approximation in $L^2(0,T;\widetilde{H}^s(\Omega))$ for solutions of linear nonlocal wave equations. To achieve this, we extend the theory of very weak solutions for classical…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Yi-Hsuan Lin , Teemu Tyni , Philipp Zimmermann

We initiate a study of varieties of minimal degree in weighted projective spaces. We call a weighted projective space $\mathbf{P}(w_0,\dots,w_n)$ divisible if $w_i \mid w_{i+1}$ for all $i$. We provide sharp bounds for when a non-degenerate…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Maya Banks , Ritvik Ramkumar

We consider least squares estimation in a general nonparametric regression model. The rate of convergence of the least squares estimator (LSE) for the unknown regression function is well studied when the errors are sub-Gaussian. We find…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-12 Arun K. Kuchibhotla , Rohit K. Patra

We consider divergence form uniformly parabolic SPDEs with bounded and measurable leading coefficients and possibly growing lower-order coefficients in the deterministic part of the equations. We look for solutions which are summable to the…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-08-13 N. V. Krylov

We are concerned with the relaxation and existence theories of a general class of geometrical minimisation problems, with action integrals defined via differential forms over fibre bundles. We find natural algebraic and analytic conditions…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Siran Li

We study polynomial deformations of the fuzzy sphere, specifically given by the cubic or the Higgs algebra. We derive the Higgs algebra by quantizing the Poisson structure on a surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We find that several surfaces,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-30 T. R. Govindarajan , Pramod Padmanabhan , T. Shreecharan

The principal aim of this work is to provide a family of unisolvent and minimal physical degrees of freedom, called weights, for N\'ed\'elec second family of finite elements. Such elements are thought of as differential forms $…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-13 Ludovico Bruni Bruno , Enrico Zampa

We extend the work of Dyda and Kijaczko by establishing the corresponding weighted fractional Hardy inequalities with singularities on any flat submanifolds. While they derived weighted fractional Hardy inequalities with singularities at a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Vivek Sahu

The isotropy of multiples of Pfister forms is studied. In particular, an improved lower bound on the value of their first Witt index is obtained. This result and certain of its corollaries are applied to the study of the weak isotropy index…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-08-03 James O'Shea

We present a novel iterative algorithm for approximating the linear least squares solution with low complexity. After a motivation of the algorithm we discuss the algorithm's properties including its complexity, and we present theoretical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Michael Lunglmayr , Christoph Unterrieder , Mario Huemer

We study 2D quantum gravity on spherical topologies employing the Regge calculus approach with the dl/l measure. Instead of the normally used fixed non-regular triangulation we study random triangulations which are generated by the standard…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-31 Christian Holm , Wolfhard Janke

We consider the problem of ranking $N$ objects starting from a set of noisy pairwise comparisons provided by a crowd of equal workers. We assume that objects are endowed with intrinsic qualities and that the probability with which an object…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Evgenia Christoforou , Alessandro Nordio , Alberto Tarable , Emilio Leonardi

This paper presents a first-order {distributed continuous-time algorithm} for computing the least-squares solution to a linear equation over networks. Given the uniqueness of the solution, with nonintegrable and diminishing step size,…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Yang Liu , Youcheng Lou , Brian D. O. Anderson , Guodong Shi

We present a numerical method for the solution of Newton's problem of least resistance in the class of convex functions using a convex hull approach. We observe that the numerically computed solutions possess some symmetry. Further, their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-13 Gerd Wachsmuth

We propose a new first-order-system least squares (FOSLS) finite-element discretization for singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion equations. Solutions to such problems feature layer phenomena, and are ubiquitous in many areas of applied…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-19 James H. Adler , Scott MacLachlan , Niall Madden