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We investigate the internal representations that a recurrent neural network (RNN) uses while learning to recognize a regular formal language. Specifically, we train a RNN on positive and negative examples from a regular language, and ask if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Joshua J. Michalenko , Ameesh Shah , Abhinav Verma , Richard G. Baraniuk , Swarat Chaudhuri , Ankit B. Patel

Finite-state automata are a very effective tool in natural language processing. However, in a variety of applications and especially in speech precessing, it is necessary to consider more general machines in which arcs are assigned weights…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Mehryar Mohri , Fernando Pereira , Michael Riley

Traditionally, finite automata theory has been used as a framework for the representation of possibly infinite sets of strings. In this work, we introduce the notion of second-order finite automata, a formalism that combines finite automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Alexsander Andrade de Melo , Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira

The identification of a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from labeled examples is a well-studied problem in the literature; however, prior work focuses on the identification of monolithic DFAs. Although monolithic DFAs provide accurate…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Niklas Lauffer , Beyazit Yalcinkaya , Marcell Vazquez-Chanlatte , Ameesh Shah , Sanjit A. Seshia

We consider recognizable trace rewriting systems with level-regular contexts (RTL). A trace language is level-regular if the set of Foata normal forms of its elements is regular. We prove that the rewriting graph of a RTL is word-automatic.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Alexandre Mansard

We exhibit the construction of a deterministic automaton that, given k > 0, recognizes the (regular) language of k-differentiable words. Our approach follows a scheme of Crochemore et al. based on minimal forbidden words. We extend this…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Jean-Marc Fédou , Gabriele Fici

We build a bridge between neural network-based machine learning and graph-based natural language processing and introduce a unified approach to keyphrase, summary and relation extraction by aggregating dependency graphs from links provided…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Paul Tarau , Eduardo Blanco

We prove that a minimal automaton has a minimal adjacency matrix rank and a minimal adjacency matrix nullity using equitable partition (from graph spectra theory) and Nerode partition (from automata theory). This result naturally introduces…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-13 Ryoma Sin'ya

Scott's graph model is a lambda-algebra based on the observation that continuous endofunctions on the lattice of sets of natural numbers can be represented via their graphs. A graph is a relation mapping finite sets of input values to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Guy McCusker

Many of the numerous automaton models proposed in the literature can be regarded as a finite automaton equipped with an additional storage mechanism. In this thesis, we focus on two such models, namely the finite automata over groups and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Özlem Salehi

Graphs are fundamental data structures which concisely capture the relational structure in many important real-world domains, such as knowledge graphs, physical and social interactions, language, and chemistry. Here we introduce a powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Yujia Li , Oriol Vinyals , Chris Dyer , Razvan Pascanu , Peter Battaglia

String diagrams provide a convenient graphical framework which may be used for equational reasoning about morphisms of monoidal categories. However, unlike term rewriting, rewriting string diagrams results in shorter equational proofs,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Vladimir Nikolaev Zamdzhiev

Abstract numeration systems encode natural numbers using radix ordered words of an infinite regular language and linear recurrence sequences play a key role in their valuation. Sequence automata, which are deterministic finite automata with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Olivier Carton , Jean-Michel Couvreur , Martin Delacourt , Nicolas Ollinger

This paper argues that reliable end-to-end graph data analytics cannot be achieved by retrieval- or code-generation-centric LLM agents alone. Although large language models (LLMs) provide strong reasoning capabilities, practical graph…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Qiange Wang , Chaoyi Chen , Jingqi Gao , Zihan Wang , Yanfeng Zhang , Ge Yu

We present an Angluin-style algorithm to learn nominal automata, which are acceptors of languages over infinite (structured) alphabets. The abstract approach we take allows us to seamlessly extend known variations of the algorithm to this…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Joshua Moerman , Matteo Sammartino , Alexandra Silva , Bartek Klin , Michał Szynwelski

Algorithms which learn environments represented by automata in the past have had complexity scaling with the number of states in the automaton, which can be exponentially large even for automata recognizing regular expressions with a small…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Ali Cataltepe , Vanessa Kosoy

In some contexts, well-formed natural language cannot be expected as input to information or communication systems. In these contexts, the use of grammar-independent input (sequences of uninflected semantic units like e.g.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Pascal Vaillant

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable success across various scientific fields, yet their adoption in critical decision-making is often hindered by a lack of interpretability. Recently, intrinsically interpretable GNNs have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Cheng Xin , Fan Xu , Xin Ding , Jie Gao , Jiaxin Ding

We define a new kind of automata recognizing properties of data words or data trees and prove that the automata capture all queries definable in Regular XPath. We show that the automata-theoretic approach may be applied to answer…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Mikołaj Bojańczyk , Sławomir Lasota

We propose an approach that connects recurrent networks with different orders of hidden interaction with regular grammars of different levels of complexity. We argue that the correspondence between recurrent networks and formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Qinglong Wang , Kaixuan Zhang , Xue Liu , C. Lee Giles