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Related papers: Probabilistic Zero Forcing with Vertex Reversion

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Zero forcing is an iterative process on a graph used to bound the maximum nullity. The process begins with select vertices as colored, and the remaining vertices can become colored under a specific color change rule. The goal is to find a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-27 Franklin H. J. Kenter , Jephian C. -H. Lin

Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on graphs that can be used to model the spread of information with repeated applications of a color change rule. In general, a zero forcing parameter is the minimum number of initial blue vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Joshua Carlson , John Petrucci

Let $G$ be a simple, finite, and undirected graph with vertices each given an initial coloring of either blue or white. Zero forcing on graph $G$ is an iterative process of forcing its white vertices to become blue after a finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-11 Ma. Nerissa M. Abara , Prince Allan B. Pelayo

Zero forcing is a dynamic coloring process on graphs. Initially, each vertex of a graph is assigned a color of either blue or white, and then a process begins by which blue vertices force white vertices to become blue. The zero forcing…

The positive zero forcing number of a graph is a graph parameter that arises from a non-traditional type of graph colouring, and is related to a more conventional version of zero forcing. We establish a relation between the zero forcing and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-28 Shaun Fallat , Karen Meagher , Boting Yang

An $r$-fold analogue of the positive semidefinite zero forcing process that is carried out on the $r$-blowup of a graph is introduced and used to define the fractional positive semidefinite forcing number. Properties of the graph blowup…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-23 Leslie Hogben , Kevin F. Palmowski , David E. Roberson , Michael Young

Zero forcing is a graph propagation process for which vertices fill-in (or propagate information to) neighbor vertices if all neighbors except for one, are filled. The zero-forcing number is the smallest number of vertices that must be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-24 Heather LeClair , Tim Spilde , Sarah Anderson , Brenda Kroschel

The zero forcing number is the minimum number of black vertices that can turn a white graph black following a single neighbour colour forcing rule. The zero forcing number provides topological information about linear algebra on graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-10 Alexei Vazquez

Zero forcing is a binary coloring game on a graph where a set of filled vertices can force non-filled vertices to become filled following a color change rule. In 2008, the zero forcing number of a graph was shown to be an upper bound on its…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Thomas R. Cameron , Jonad Pulaj

Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on a graph with a goal of turning all of the vertices of the graph black while having to use as few "unforced" moves as possible. This leads to a parameter known as the zero forcing number which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-21 Steve Butler , Jason Grout , H. Tracy Hall

Let each vertex of a graph G = (V(G), E(G)) be given one of two colors, say, "black" and "white". Let Z denote the (initial) set of black vertices of G. The color-change rule converts the color of a vertex from white to black if the white…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Kiran B. Chilakamarri , Nathaniel Dean , Cong X. Kang , Eunjeong Yi

Zero forcing is a process that colors the vertices of a graph blue by starting with some vertices blue and applying a color change rule. Throttling minimizes the sum of the number of initial blue vertices and the time to color the graph. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Emelie Curl , Jesse Geneson , Leslie Hogben

Zero forcing is a process that models the spread of information throughout a graph as white vertices are forced to turn blue using a color change rule. The idea of throttling, introduced in 2013 by Butler and Young, is to optimize the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Jurgen Kritschgau , Josh Carlson

Zero forcing is a one-player game played on a graph. The player chooses some set of vertices to color, then iteratively applies a color change rule: If all but one of a colored vertex's neighbors are colored, color (i.e. "force") the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-02 Shannon Dillman , Franklin Kenter

The zero forcing number $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a set $S$ with colored (black) vertices which forces the set $V(G)$ to be colored (black) after some times. "color change rule": a white vertex is changed to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-23 M. Khosravi , S. Rashidi 2 , A. Sheikhhosseni

Zero forcing (also called graph infection) on a simple, undirected graph $G$ is based on the color-change rule: If each vertex of $G$ is colored either white or black, and vertex $v$ is a black vertex with only one white neighbor $w$, then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-21 Leslie Hogben , My Huynh , Nicole Kingsley , Sarah Meyer , Shanise Walker , Michael Young

Zero forcing is a graph coloring process that was defined as a tool for bounding the minimum rank and maximum nullity of a graph. It has also been used for studying control of quantum systems and monitoring electrical power networks. One of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-18 P. A. CrowdMath

The \emph{zero forcing number}, $Z(G)$, of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a set $S$ of black vertices (whereas vertices in $V(G) \setminus S$ are colored white) such that $V(G)$ is turned black after finitely many applications of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-19 Linda Eroh , Cong X. Kang , Eunjeong Yi

Twisted hypercubes are graphs that generalize the structure of the hypercube by relaxing the symmetry constraint while maintaining degree-regularity and connectivity. We study the zero forcing number of twisted hypercubes. Zero forcing is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Peter Collier , Jeannette Janssen

Let $G$ be a graph, and $Z$ a subset of its vertices, which we color black, while the remaining are colored white. We define the skew color change rule as follows: if $u$ is a vertex of $G$, and exactly one of its neighbors $v$, is white,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-16 Luz M. DeAlba