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Although discourse around the risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grown, it often lacks a comprehensive, multidimensional framework, and concrete causal pathways mapping hazard to harm. This paper aims to bridge this gap by examining…
Apologies are a powerful tool used in human-human interactions to provide affective support, regulate social processes, and exchange information following a trust violation. The emerging field of AI apology investigates the use of apologies…
As AI becomes increasingly embedded in digital games, players' attitudes de-pend not only on whether AI is used, but also on where and how it intervenes in gameplay. This study examines players' evaluative patterns toward eight AI…
During the planning phase of industrial robot workplaces, hazard analyses are required so that potential hazards for human workers can be identified and appropriate safety measures can be implemented. Existing hazard analysis methods use…
Background: Evolution of open source projects frequently depends on a small number of core developers. The loss of such core developers might be detrimental for projects and even threaten their entire continuation. However, it is possible…
Online advertising platforms host hundreds of thousands of A/B tests, but the platform's delivery algorithm routes each creative to the audience it predicts will engage. Every two-arm test therefore conflates the creative's effect with the…
Despite increasing reliance on personalization in digital platforms, many algorithms that curate content or information for users have been met with resistance. When users feel dissatisfied or harmed by recommendations, this can lead users…
Recommendation systems and assistants (in short, recommenders) influence through online platforms most actions of our daily lives, suggesting items or providing solutions based on users' preferences or requests. This survey systematically…
While the role of states, corporations, and international organizations in AI governance has been extensively theorized, the role of workers has received comparatively little attention. This chapter looks at the role that workers play in…
Algorithms have been becoming increasingly relevant for various decision-making processes in the forms of Decision Support Systems or Decision-making systems in areas such as Criminal-Justice systems, Job Application Filtering, Medicine,…
A program fails. Under which circumstances does this failure occur? One single algorithm, the delta debugging algorithm, suffices to determine these failure-inducing circumstances. Delta debugging tests a program systematically and…
AI systems comprise a range of interactions across the technical and organisational components of a range of actors. These components work together to provide the systems' functionality. This socio-technical assemblage is increasingly…
Innovations in AI have focused primarily on the questions of "what" and "how"-algorithms for finding patterns in web searches, for instance-without adequate attention to the possible harms (such as privacy, bias, or manipulation) and…
As intelligent systems are increasingly making decisions that directly affect society, perhaps the most important upcoming research direction in AI is to rethink the ethical implications of their actions. Means are needed to integrate…
The ethical imperative for technology should be first, do no harm. But digital innovations like AI and social media increasingly enable societal harms, from bias to misinformation. As these technologies grow ubiquitous, we need solutions to…
Prior work has mapped which workplace tasks are exposed to AI, but less is known about whether workers perceive these tasks as meaningful or as busywork. We examined: (1) which dimensions of meaningful work do workers associate with tasks…
In recent years, we have witnessed a marked development and growth in Artificial Intelligence. The growth of the data volume generated by sensors and machines, combined with the information flow resulting from the user actions on the…
As a capability coming from computation, how does AI differ fundamentally from the capabilities delivered by rule-based software program? The paper examines the behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) from engineering points of view to…
This article appears as chapter 21 of Prince (2023, Understanding Deep Learning); a complete draft of the textbook is available here: http://udlbook.com. This chapter considers potential harms arising from the design and use of AI systems.…
A better understanding of automation disengagements can impact the safety and efficiency of automated systems. This study investigates the factors contributing to driver- and system-initiated disengagements by analyzing semi-structured…