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Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) is an approach to sampling design and inference in hard-to-reach human populations. Typically, a sampling frame is not available, and population members are difficult to identify or recruit from broader…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-09-28 Mark S. Handcock , Krista J. Gile , Corinne M. Mar

External data borrowing in clinical trial designs has increased in recent years. This is accomplished in the Bayesian framework by specifying informative prior distributions. To mitigate the impact of potential inconsistency (bias) between…

In sequential decision-making (SDM) tasks, methods like reinforcement learning (RL) and heuristic search have made notable advances in specific cases. However, they often require extensive exploration and face challenges in generalizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Xue Yan , Yan Song , Xidong Feng , Mengyue Yang , Haifeng Zhang , Haitham Bou Ammar , Jun Wang

Sample size criteria are often expressed in terms of the concentration of the posterior density, as controlled by some sort of error bound. Since this is done pre-experimentally, one can regard the posterior density as a function of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 B. Clarke , Ao Yuan

Background: Clinical prediction models are increasingly used to inform healthcare decisions, but determining the minimum sample size for their development remains a critical and unresolved challenge. Inadequate sample sizes can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Diana Shamsutdinova , Felix Zimmer , Oyebayo Ridwan Olaniran , Sarah Markham , Daniel Stahl , Gordon Forbes , Ewan Carr

There has been growing attention on how to effectively and objectively use covariate information when the primary goal is to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). In this paper, we propose an…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-01 Yuanyao Tan , Xialing Wen , Wei Liang , Ying Yan

The dependency structure of credit risk parameters is a key driver for capital consumption and receives regulatory and scientific attention. The impact of parameter imperfections on the quality of expected loss (EL) in the sense of a fair,…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2013-10-03 Wolfgang Reitgruber

Probabilistic values, including Shapley values and semivalues, provide a model-agnostic framework to attribute the behavior of a black-box model to data points or features, with a wide range of applications including explainable artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ziqi Liu , Kiljae Lee , Yuan Zhang , Weijing Tang

BACKGROUND: Random-effects meta-analysis within a hierarchical normal modeling framework is commonly implemented in a wide range of evidence synthesis applications. More general problems may even be tackled when considering meta-regression…

Computation · Statistics 2022-12-27 Christian Röver , Tim Friede

Pretrained language models have achieved remarkable success in various natural language processing tasks. However, pretraining has recently shifted toward larger models and larger data, and this has resulted in significant computational and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Xiao Wang , Weikang Zhou , Qi Zhang , Jie Zhou , Songyang Gao , Junzhe Wang , Menghan Zhang , Xiang Gao , Yunwen Chen , Tao Gui

Databases often contain corrupted, degraded, and noisy data with duplicate entries across and within each database. Such problems arise in citations, medical databases, genetics, human rights databases, and a variety of other applied…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-04-29 Rebecca C. Steorts

We study full Bayesian procedures for high-dimensional linear regression under sparsity constraints. The prior is a mixture of point masses at zero and continuous distributions. Under compatibility conditions on the design matrix, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-15 Ismaël Castillo , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber , Aad van der Vaart

Precision achieved by stochastic sampling algorithms for Bayesian networks typically deteriorates in face of extremely unlikely evidence. To address this problem, we propose the Evidence Pre-propagation Importance Sampling algorithm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Changhe Yuan , Marek J. Druzdzel

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) is a cross-disciplinary effort involving Education, Linguistics, and Natural Language Processing (NLP). The efficacy of an NLP model in AES tests it ability to evaluate long-term dependencies and extrapolate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Christopher M Ormerod , Akanksha Malhotra , Amir Jafari

There is a growing interest in the implementation of platform trials, which provide the flexibility to incorporate new treatment arms during the trial and the ability to halt treatments early based on lack of benefit or observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-25 Peter Greenstreet , Thomas Jaki , Alun Bedding , Pavel Mozgunov

Evolution Strategies (ES) emerged as a scalable alternative to popular Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques, providing an almost perfect speedup when distributed across hundreds of CPU cores thanks to a reduced communication overhead.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-13 Víctor Campos , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto , Jordi Torres

We consider Empirical Bayes (EB) estimation in the normal means problem, when the standard deviations of the observations are not known precisely, but estimated with error -- which is almost always the case in practical applications. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-31 Mengyin Lu , Matthew Stephens

We consider Bayesian sample size determination using a criterion that utilizes the first two moments of the expected posterior variance. We study the resulting sample size in dependence on the chosen prior and explore the success rate for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-28 Jörg Martin , Clemens Elster

Expected shortfall (ES), also known as conditional value-at-risk, is a widely recognized risk measure that complements value-at-risk by capturing tail-related risks more effectively. Compared with quantile regression, which has been…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-13 Myeonghun Yu , Kean Ming Tan , Huixia Judy Wang , Wen-Xin Zhou

Linear mixed effects models are widely used in statistical modelling. We consider a mixed effects model with Bayesian variable selection in the random effects using spike-and-slab priors and developed a variational Bayes inference scheme…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-15 M-Z. Spyropoulou , J. Hopker , J. E. Griffin