Related papers: Redundancy of the cosmological evolution equations…
Cosmology is an attracting subject for students but usually difficult to deal with if general relativity is not known. In this article, we first recall the Newtonian derivation of the Friedmann equations which govern the dynamics of our…
Dynamical systems techniques are a powerful tool to analyse systems of ordinary differential equations, written in an appropriate form. For a given theory of gravity, the cosmological field equations typically lead to a system of ordinary…
The universal dynamic uncertainty, discovered in Parts I and II of this series of papers for the case of Hamiltonian quantum systems, is further specified to reveal the hierarchical structure of levels of dynamically redundant…
In this paper we present the equations of the evolution of the universe in $D$ spatial dimensions, as a generalization of the work of Lima \citep{lima}. We discuss the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological equations in $D$ spatial…
The degree by which a function can be differentiated need not be restricted to integer values. Usually most of the field equations of physics are taken to be second order, curiosity asks what happens if this is only approximately the case…
The fundamental impasses and ruptures in various domains of the canonical, unitary science, or the 'end of science', become the more and more evident. The natural unity of being is recovered within a universal nonperturbative method leading…
The motion equation of standard cosmology, the Friedmann equation, is based on the stein's equations of gravitational fields. However, British physicist E. A. Milne pointed in 1943 that the same equation could be deduced simply based on the…
A detailed analysis of dynamics of cosmological models based on $R^{n}$ gravity is presented. We show that the cosmological equations can be written as a first order autonomous system and analyzed using the standard techniques of dynamical…
The stability of cosmological solutions in the recently suggested specific mechanism of dynamical compensation of vacuum energy is studied. It is found that the solutions in the original version lead to cosmological singularity which could…
Universe evolution, as described by Friedmann's equations, is determined by source terms fixed by the choice of pressure $\times$ energy-density equations of state $p(\rho)$. The usual approach in Cosmology considers equations of state…
In the history of cosmology physical paradoxes played important role for development of contemporary world models. Within the modern standard cosmological model there are both observational and conceptual cosmological paradoxes which…
The Einstein equations of general relativity reduce, when the spacetime metric is of the Friedmann--Lemaitre--Robertson--Walker type governing an isotropic and homogeneous universe, to the Friedmann equations, which is a set of nonlinear…
In this paper we describe the evolution of the Universe in terms of the Friedmann equation, which takes into account of the composition and geometry of the Universe. The dependence of the solution on the geometry and composition for…
The Friedmann equation is derived for a Newtonian universe. Changing mass density to energy density gives exactly the Friedmann equation of general relativity. Accounting for work done by pressure then yields the two Einstein equations that…
In a universe where, according to the standard cosmological models, some 97% of the total mass-energy is still "missing in action" it behooves us to spend at least a little effort critically assessing and exploring radical alternatives.…
We investigate the temporal evolution of the redshift and the luminosity distance within the standard Friedmann-Roberston-Walker cosmological model. The redshift and luminosity distance of sources evolve with time and we show that they tend…
In all Friedman models, the cosmological redshift is widely interpreted as a consequence of the general-relativistic phenomenon of EXPANSION OF SPACE. Other commonly believed consequences of this phenomenon are superluminal recession…
The first principles analysis of the radiation by an arbitrary source in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker space-time is presented. The obtained analytical solution explicitly shows that the cosmological redshift is not of kinematic origin…
A common approach in physics and mathematics is to extend and modify theories and frameworks by considering what is often described as a `natural' extension or modification by including higher-order terms or by introducing other…
Padmanabhan [arXiv:1206.4916] argues that the cosmic acceleration can be understood from the perspective that spacetime dynamics is an emergence phenomena. By calculating the difference between the surface degrees of freedom and the bulk…