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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data to learn a promising classifier. A popular approach is pseudo-labeling that generates pseudo labels only for those unlabeled data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Qinyi Deng , Yong Guo , Zhibang Yang , Haolin Pan , Jian Chen

While semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms provide an efficient way to make use of both labelled and unlabelled data, they generally struggle when the number of annotated samples is very small. In this work, we consider the problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Sylvestre-Alvise Rebuffi , Sebastien Ehrhardt , Kai Han , Andrea Vedaldi , Andrew Zisserman

In this study, a novel idea, Uncertainty Structure Estimation (USE), a lightweight, algorithm-agnostic procedure that emphasizes the often-overlooked role of unlabeled data quality is introduced for Semi-supervised learning (SSL). SSL has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tsao-Lun Chen , Chien-Liang Liu , Tzu-Ming Harry Hsu , Tai-Hsien Wu , Chi-Cheng Fu , Han-Yi E. Chou , Shun-Feng Su

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) under class distribution mismatch aims to tackle a challenging problem wherein unlabeled data contain lots of unknown categories unseen in the labeled ones. In such mismatch scenarios, traditional SSL suffers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Pan Du , Suyun Zhao , Zisen Sheng , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Producing labels for unlabeled data is error-prone, making semi-supervised learning (SSL) troublesome. Often, little is known about when and why an algorithm fails to outperform a supervised baseline. Using benchmark datasets, we craft five…

Learning generalized models from biased data is an important undertaking toward fairness in deep learning. To address this issue, recent studies attempt to identify and leverage bias-conflicting samples free from spurious correlations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yeonsung Jung , Jaeyun Song , June Yong Yang , Jin-Hwa Kim , Sung-Yub Kim , Eunho Yang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has revolutionized learning from large-scale unlabeled datasets, yet the intrinsic relationship between pretraining data and the learned representations remains poorly understood. Traditional supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Nidhin Harilal , Amit Kiran Rege , Reza Akbarian Bafghi , Maziar Raissi , Claire Monteleoni

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved significant progress by leveraging both labeled data and unlabeled data. Existing SSL methods overlook a common real-world scenario when labeled data is extremely scarce, potentially as limited as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hezhao Liu , Yang Lu , Mengke Li , Yiqun Zhang , Shreyank N Gowda , Chen Gong , Hanzi Wang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is an active area of research which aims to utilize unlabelled data in order to improve the accuracy of speech recognition systems. The current study proposes a methodology for integration of two key ideas: 1)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Prakhar Swarup , Debmalya Chakrabarty , Ashtosh Sapru , Hitesh Tulsiani , Harish Arsikere , Sri Garimella

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) uses unlabeled data to improve the performance of machine learning models when labeled data is scarce. However, its real-world applications often face the label distribution mismatch problem, in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jinsoo Bae , Seoung Bum Kim , Hyungrok Do

Despite great strides made on fine-grained visual classification (FGVC), current methods are still heavily reliant on fully-supervised paradigms where ample expert labels are called for. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) techniques, acquiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Ruoyi Du , Dongliang Chang , Zhanyu Ma , Yi-Zhe Song , Jun Guo

The premise of semi-supervised learning (SSL) is that combining labeled and unlabeled data yields significantly more accurate models. Despite empirical successes, the theoretical understanding of SSL is still far from complete. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-06 Eyar Azar , Boaz Nadler

We address the problem of semi-supervised domain generalization (SSDG), where the distributions of train and test data differ, and only a small amount of labeled data along with a larger amount of unlabeled data are available during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Dongkwan Lee , Kyomin Hwang , Nojun Kwak

Existing semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods assume that labeled and unlabeled data share the same class space. However, in real-world applications, unlabeled data always contain classes not present in the labeled set, which may cause…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Wenjuan Xi , Xin Song , Weili Guo , Yang Yang

Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning (GSSL) is a practical solution to learn from a limited amount of labelled data together with a vast amount of unlabelled data. However, due to their reliance on the known labels to infer the unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Adriano Franci , Maxime Cordy , Martin Gubri , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has become a preferred paradigm in many deep learning tasks, which reduces the need for human labor. Previous studies primarily focus on effectively utilising the labelled and unlabeled data to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Qian Shao , Jiangrui Kang , Qiyuan Chen , Zepeng Li , Hongxia Xu , Yiwen Cao , Jiajuan Liang , Jian Wu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides an effective means of leveraging unlabeled data to improve a model's performance. In this paper, we demonstrate the power of a simple combination of two common SSL methods: consistency regularization…

Prediction-Powered Inference (PPI) is a recently proposed statistical inference technique for parameter estimation that leverages pseudo-labels on both labeled and unlabeled data to construct an unbiased, low-variance estimator. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Noa Shoham , Ron Dorfman , Shalev Shaer , Kfir Y. Levy , Yaniv Romano

As an effective way to alleviate the burden of data annotation, semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides an attractive solution due to its ability to leverage both labeled and unlabeled data to build a predictive model. While significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Hai-Ming Xu , Lingqiao Liu , Hao Chen , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Rafael Felix

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a widely used technique in scenarios where labeled data is scarce and unlabeled data is abundant. While SSL is popular for image and text classification, it is relatively underexplored for the task of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Gaurav Sahu , Olga Vechtomova , Issam H. Laradji