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When modeling the population of merging binary black holes, analyses have generally focused on characterizing the distribution of primary (i.e. more massive) black holes in the binary, while simplistic prescriptions are used for the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-02 Amanda M. Farah , Maya Fishbach , Daniel E. Holz

We investigate the differences between several proposed formation scenarios for binary black holes (BBHs), including isolated stellar evolution, dynamical assembly in dense clusters and AGN disks, and primordial BHs. Our approach exploits…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-04 Emanuele Berti , Francesco Crescimbeni , Gabriele Franciolini , Simone Mastrogiovanni , Paolo Pani , Grégoire Pierra

Hierarchical black hole (BH) mergers are one of the most straightforward mechanisms to produce BHs inside and above the pair-instability mass gap. Here, we investigate the impact of globular cluster (GC) evolution on hierarchical mergers,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-14 Stefano Torniamenti , Michela Mapelli , Carole Périgois , Manuel Arca Sedda , M. Celeste Artale , Marco Dall'Amico , M. Paola Vaccaro

One fundamental goal of the newly born gravitational wave astronomy is discovering the origin of the observed binary black hole mergers. Towards this end, identifying features in the growing wealth of data may help in distinguishing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-07-13 G. Franciolini , P. Pani

There are at least two formation scenarios consistent with the first gravitational-wave observations of binary black hole mergers. In field models, black hole binaries are formed from stellar binaries that may undergo common envelope…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-29 Colm Talbot , Eric Thrane

It has been proposed that some black holes (BHs) in binary black hole (BBH) systems are born from "hierarchical mergers" (HM); i.e. earlier mergers of smaller BHs. These HM products have spin magnitudes $\chi \sim 0.7$, and, if they are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-25 Maya Fishbach , Chase Kimball , Vicky Kalogera

The mass ratio q and effective inspiral spin chi_eff of binary black hole (BBH) mergers in GWTC-4.0 show a weaker anti-correlation than in GWTC-3.0, motivating investigation of its physical origin. Within the isolated binary evolution…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 Zi-Yuan Wang , Ying Qin , Rui-Chong Hu , Yuan-Zhu Wang , Georges Meynet , Han-Feng Song

Binary black holes (BBHs) are thought to form in different environments, including the galactic field and (globular, nuclear, young and open) star clusters. Here, we propose a method to estimate the fingerprints of the main BBH formation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-06-03 Manuel Arca Sedda , Michela Mapelli , Mario Spera , Matthew Benacquista , Nicola Giacobbo

In isolated binary evolution, binary black hole (BBH) mergers are generally formed through stable mass transfer (SMT) or common envelope evolution. In recent years, the SMT channel has received significant attention due to detailed binary…

We investigate the formation of merging binary black holes (BHs) through isolated binary evolution, performing binary population synthesis calculations covering an unprecedentedly wide metallicity range of Population (Pop) I, II, III, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-03 Ataru Tanikawa , Takashi Yoshida , Tomoya Kinugawa , Alessandro A. Trani , Takashi Hosokawa , Hajime Susa , Kazuyuki Omukai

Binary black holes (BBHs) detected by gravitational wave (GW) observations could be broadly divided into two formation channels: those formed through field binary evolution and those assembled dynamically in dense stellar systems. Each of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-20 Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh , Will M. Farr , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

Studying the formation and evolution of black hole binaries (BHBs) is essential for the interpretation of current and forthcoming gravitational wave (GW) detections. We investigate the statistics of BHBs that form from isolated binaries, by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-12 Mario Spera , Michela Mapelli , Nicola Giacobbo , Alessandro Alberto Trani , Alessandro Bressan , Guglielmo Costa

We analyze binary black hole (BBH) mergers from the latest Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) using a flexible, non-parametric framework to infer the underlying black hole mass distribution. Our model employs Gaussian Processes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-27 Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Antonella Palmese

Gravitational-wave observations of massive, rapidly spinning binary black holes mergers provide increasing evidence for the dynamical origin of some mergers. Previous studies have interpreted the mergers with primary mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-10 Hui Tong , Thomas A. Callister , Maya Fishbach , Eric Thrane , Fabio Antonini , Simon Stevenson , Isobel M. Romero-Shaw , Fani Dosopoulou

GW190521 is a merger of two black holes (BHs), wherein at least one BH lies within the pair-instability (PI) mass gap, and it is difficult to form because of the effects of PI supernovae (PISNe) and pulsational PI (PPI). In this study, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-11 Ataru Tanikawa , Tomoya Kinugawa , Takashi Yoshida , Kotaro Hijikawa , Hideyuki Umeda

Angular momentum transport in high-mass stars is commonly modeled by extrapolating the behavior of better-observed low-mass stars. According to the conventional picture, the cores of most black hole progenitors lose almost all of their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-02 Christian Adamcewicz , Nir Guttman , Paul D. Lasky , Eric Thrane

The origins of the coalescing binary black holes (BBHs) detected by the advanced LIGO/Virgo are still in debate and clues may present in the mass and effective spin ($\chi_{\rm eff}$) distributions of these merger events. Here we analyze…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-22 Yuan-Zhu Wang , Yi-Zhong Fan , Shao-Peng Tang , Ying Qin , Da-Ming Wei

The LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (LVK) collaboration has announced 90 coalescing binary black holes (BBHs) with $p_{\rm astro} > 50\%$ to date, however, the origin of their formation channels is still an open scientific question. Given various…

We analyze the confident binary black hole (BBH) detections from the third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) with an alternative mass population model in order to capture features in the mass distribution beyond the Powerlaw +…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-25 Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Antonella Palmese

The individual component spins of binary black holes (BBHs) are difficult to resolve using gravitational-wave observations but carry key signatures of the processes shaping their formation and evolution. Recent analyses have found…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-23 Lillie Szemraj , Sylvia Biscoveanu