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Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) require efficient beam management under dynamic propagation conditions. This work investigates Federated Learning (FL)-based beam selection in LEO satellite constellations, where orbital…

The use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in the next generation (Next-G) communication systems has been gaining traction over the last few years due to their potential for providing global connectivity with low latency. Since they are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Sambrama , Venkata Srirama Rohit Kantheti , Liang C Chu , Erik Blasch , Shih-Chun Lin

As air travel demand increases, uninterrupted high-speed internet access becomes essential. However, current satellite-based systems face latency and connectivity challenges. While prior research has focused on terrestrial 5G and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Raúl Parada , Victor Monzon Baeza , Carlos Horcajo Fernández de Gamboa , Rocío Serrano Camacho , Carlos Monzo

Resilient routing in large-scale Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks remains a key challenge due to frequent and unpredictable link and node failures, potentially in response to cybersecurity breaches. While prior work has explored…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Lyubomir Yanev , Pietro Ronchetti , Joshua Smailes , Martin Strohmeier

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have been deemed a promising key enabler for current 5G and the forthcoming 6G wireless networks. Such LEO satellite constellations can provide worldwide three-dimensional coverage, high data rate,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Mesut Toka , Byungju Lee , Jaehyup Seong , Aryan Kaushik , Juhwan Lee , Jungwoo Lee , Namyoon Lee , Wonjae Shin , H. Vincent Poor

High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) are emerging as key enablers of future non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), supporting gigabit-class free-space optical (FSO) backhaul links while hosting laser-based sensing payloads. This tutorial and…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-11 Ali Elkhazraji , Mohamed-Slim Alouini , Aamir Farooq

Offering space-based Internet services with mega-constellations of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites is a promising solution to connecting the unconnected. It can complement the coverage of terrestrial networks to help bridge the digital…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Xingqin Lin , Stefan Cioni , Gilles Charbit , Nicolas Chuberre , Sven Hellsten , Jean-Francois Boutillon

The integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations into 5G and Beyond is essential to achieve truly global connectivity. A distinctive characteristic of LEO mega constellations is that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Fabio Saggese , Lintao Li , Petar Popovski

Traditional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) immunity to interference may be approaching a practical performance ceiling. Greater gains are possible outside traditional GNSS orbits and spectrum. GNSS from low Earth orbit (LEO) has…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-15 Peter A. Iannucci , Todd E. Humphreys

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are increasingly adopting laser (Free Space Optics, FSO) links to provide high-capacity communications. Although laser inter-satellite links offer high throughput and low latency, RF up- and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Cao-Vien Phung , Thomas Röthig , Admela Jukan

The deployment of ultra-dense networks (UDNs), particularly cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO), is mainly hindered by costly and capacity-limited fronthaul links. This work proposes a two-tiered optimization framework for cost-effective…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Anas S. Mohammed , Krishnendu S. Tharakan , Hussein A. Ammar , Hesham ElSawy , Hossam S. Hassanein

The third generation partnership project (3GPP) has recently defined two frequency bands for direct access with satellites, which is a concrete step toward realizing the anticipated space-air-ground integrated networks. In addition, given…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Zaid Abdullah , Eva Lagunas , Steven Kisseleff , Frank Zeppenfeldt , Symeon Chatzinotas

As a key complement to terrestrial networks and a fundamental component of future 6G systems, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are expected to provide high-quality communication services when integrated with ground-based…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zixuan Song , Zhishu Shen , Xiaoyu Zheng , Qiushi Zheng , Zheng Lei , Jiong Jin

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have become a critical enabler for global coverage, utilizing numerous satellites orbiting Earth at high speeds. By decomposing complex network services into lightweight service functions,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Li Zeng , Zixin Wang , Yuanming Shi , Khaled B. Letaief

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks have the potential to provide low-latency communication with global coverage. To unleash this potential, it is crucial to achieve efficient packet delivery. In this paper, we propose a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Hefan Zhang , Zhiyuan Wang , Shan Zhang , Qingkai Meng , Hongbin Luo

The forthcoming 6G-enabled Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is set to redefine conventional transportation networks with advanced intelligent services and applications. These technologies, including edge computing, Machine Learning…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-18 David Naseh , Swapnil Sadashiv Shinde , Daniele Tarchi

This study discusses the current state of FSO technology, as well as global trends and developments in the industrial ecosystem to identify obstacles to the full realization of optical space-to-ground communication networks. Additionally,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Eugene Rotherham , Connor Casey , Eva Fernandez Rodriguez , Karen Wendy Vidaurre Torrez , Maren Mashor , Isaac Pike

The rapid deployment of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has drawn attention to the potential of nonterrestrial networks (NTN) in providing global communication services. Telecom operators are attempting to collaborate with…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shaojie Su , Jiasheng Wu , Zijie Ying , Zhiyuan Zhao , Xiangyu Jia , Wenjun Zhu , Yue Gao

Recently released 5G networks empower the novel Network Slicing concept. %which enables novel business models; Network slicing introduces new business models such as allowing telecom providers to lease a virtualized slice of their…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Vincenzo Sciancalepore , Marco Di Renzo , Xavier Costa-Perez

Next-generation mobile networks require evolved radio access network (RAN) architectures to meet the demands of high capacity, massive connectivity, reduced costs, and energy efficiency, and to realize communication with ultra-low latency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-20 Mahmoud A. Hasabelnaby , Mohanad Obeed , Mohammed Saif , Anas Chaaban , M. J. Hossain