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This paper presents a novel approach to stability analysis for grid-connected converters utilizing Scaled Relative Graphs (SRG). Our method effectively decouples grid and converter dynamics, thereby establishing a comprehensive and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Eder Baron-Prada , Adolfo Anta , Florian Dörfler

We present a full review of PID passivity-based controllers (PBC) applied to power electronic converters, discussing limitations, unprecedented merits and potential improvements in terms of large-signal stability, robustness and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-24 Daniele Zonetti , Gilbert Bergna-Diaz , Romeo Ortega , Nima Monshizadeh

Motivated by the recent and growing interest in smart grid technology, we study the operation of DC/AC inverters in an inductive microgrid. We show that a network of loads and DC/AC inverters equipped with power-frequency droop controllers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-21 John W. Simpson-Porco , Florian Dörfler , Francesco Bullo

We consider the problem of controlling the voltage of a distribution feeder using the reactive power capabilities of inverters. On a real distribution grid, we compare the local Volt/VAr droop control recommended in recent grid codes, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-22 Lukas Ortmann , Adrian Hauswirth , Ivo Caduff , Florian Dörfler , Saverio Bolognani

This paper addresses the problem of output voltage regulation for multiple DC-DC converters connected to a grid, and prescribes a robust scheme for sharing power among different sources. Also it develops a method for sharing 120 Hz ripple…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-14 Mayank Baranwal , Srinivasa M. Salapaka , Murti V. Salapaka

In recent years the need for DC distribution buses has increased considerably. As it can be noticed in the transport for example the distribution systems of the more electric aircrafts, ships, or electric cars. Given the complexities of the…

Recent research has shown that operating grid-connected converters using the grid-forming vector current control (GFVCC) scheme offers significant benefits, including the simplicity and modularity of the control architecture, as well as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-06 Ognjen Stanojev , Orcun Karaca , Mario Schweizer

An inevitable consequence of the global power system transition towards nearly 100% renewable-based generation is the loss of conventional bulk generation by synchronous machines, their inertia, and accompanying frequency and voltage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Ali Tayyebi , Dominic Groß , Adolfo Anta , Friederich Kupzog , Florian Dörfler

Grid-interfacing inverters serve as the interface between renewable energy resources and the electric power grid, offering fast, programmable control capabilities. However, their operation is constrained by hardware limitations, such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang

In this paper, we study a constrained network flow problem and associated networked dynamics that resemble but are distinct from the well-known primal-dual dynamics of the constrained flow problem. Crucially, under a change of coordinates,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-03 Amirhossein Iraniparast , Dominic Groß

This paper presents an anti-windup PI controller, using a saturating integrator, for a single-input single-output stable nonlinear plant, whose steady-state input-output map is increasing. We prove that, under reasonable assumptions, there…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-02 Pietro Lorenzetti , George Weiss

The grid-following and grid-forming controls in voltage-source converters are considered as different operation modes and the synchronization mechanism of them are studied separately. In this article, the intrinsic relationships between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-08 Kaizhe Zhang

A multi-input multi-output based grid-forming (MIMO-GFM) converter has been proposed using multivariable feedback control, which has been proven as a superior and robust system using low-order controllers. However, the original MIMO-GFM…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-05 Meng Chen , Dao Zhou , Frede Blaabjerg

Power systems are currently undergoing a rapid paradigm change in their operation. Centralised energy production is being replaced by a number of Distributed Generation (DG) units that are placed at different locations and voltage levels in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-28 Dionysios Moutevelis

Autonomous droop control PV inverters have improved voltage regulation compared to the inverters without grid support functions, but more flexible control techniques will be required as the number of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Peter Lusis , Lachlan L. H. Andrew , Ariel Liebman , Guido Tack

This paper addresses the problem of regulating the output voltage of a DC-DC buck-boost converter feeding a constant power load,which is a problem of current practical interest. Designing a stabilising controller is theoretically…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-22 Wei He , Romeo Ortega , Juan E. Machado , Shihua Li

This paper studies the problem of robustly optimal operation control of microgrids with a high share of renewable energy sources. The main goal is to ensure optimal operation under a wide range of circumstances, given the highly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Ujjwal Pratap , Steffen Hofmann

Grid-forming, particularly those utilizing droop control and virtual synchronous generators (VSG), can actively regulate the frequency and voltage of microgrid systems, exhibiting dynamic characteristics akin to those of synchronous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Yan Tong , Qin Wang , Aihong Tang

The effective way of energy transmission plays a key factor in improving the overall transmission systems efficiency. Many methods are proposed to control the reactive power flow, voltage fluctuations and power factor improvement, The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-06 Appalabathula Venkatesh , Shankar Nalinakshan , S S Kiran , Pradeepa H

This paper proposes a nonlinear, adaptive controller to increase the stability margin of a direct-current (DC) small-scale electrical network containing a constant power load, whose value is unknown. Due to their negative incremental…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Juan E. Machado , José Arocas-Pérez , Wei He , Romeo Ortega , Robert Griñó
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