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Chatbots are conversational software applications designed to interact dialectically with users for a plethora of different purposes. Surprisingly, these colloquial agents have only recently been coupled with computational models of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Federico Castagna , Nadin Kokciyan , Isabel Sassoon , Simon Parsons , Elizabeth Sklar

Medical dialogue systems have attracted significant attention for their potential to act as medical assistants. Enabling these medical systems to emulate clinicians' diagnostic reasoning process has been the long-standing research focus.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Kaishuai Xu , Yi Cheng , Wenjun Hou , Qiaoyu Tan , Wenjie Li

Empathetic and coherent responses are critical in auto-mated chatbot-facilitated psychotherapy. This study addresses the challenge of enhancing the emotional and contextual understanding of large language models (LLMs) in psychiatric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Abdur Rasool , Muhammad Irfan Shahzad , Hafsa Aslam , Vincent Chan , Muhammad Ali Arshad

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare settings has gained significant attention, particularly for question-answering tasks. Given the high-stakes nature of healthcare, it is essential to ensure that LLM-generated…

Clinical communication skills are essential for preparing healthcare professionals to provide equitable care across cultures. However, traditional training with simulated patients can be resource intensive and difficult to scale, especially…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Sandro Radovanović , Shuangyu Li

Demand for mental health support through AI chatbots is surging, though current systems present several limitations, like sycophancy or overvalidation, and reinforcement of maladaptive beliefs. A core obstacle to the creation of better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 José Pombal , Maya D'Eon , Nuno M. Guerreiro , Pedro Henrique Martins , António Farinhas , Ricardo Rei

We study the interpretability issue of task-oriented dialogue systems in this paper. Previously, most neural-based task-oriented dialogue systems employ an implicit reasoning strategy that makes the model predictions uninterpretable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Shiquan Yang , Rui Zhang , Sarah Erfani , Jey Han Lau

Large language models (LLMs) chatbots like ChatGPT are increasingly used for mental health support. They offer accessible, therapeutic support but also raise concerns about misinformation, over-reliance, and risks in high-stakes contexts of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Lingyao Li , Xiaoshan Huang , Renkai Ma , Ben Zefeng Zhang , Haolun Wu , Fan Yang , Chen Chen

We describe an approach to task-oriented dialogue in which dialogue state is represented as a dataflow graph. A dialogue agent maps each user utterance to a program that extends this graph. Programs include metacomputation operators for…

This paper investigates the empathetic responding capabilities of ChatGPT, particularly its latest iteration, GPT-4, in comparison to human-generated responses to a wide range of emotional scenarios, both positive and negative. We employ a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Anuradha Welivita , Pearl Pu

Empathy is critical for effective and satisfactory conversational communication. Prior efforts to measure conversational empathy mostly focus on expressed communicative intents -- that is, the way empathy is expressed. Yet, these works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zhichao Xu , Jiepu Jiang

Conversation interfaces (CIs), or chatbots, are a popular form of intelligent agents that engage humans in task-oriented or informal conversation. In this position paper and demonstration, we argue that chatbots working in dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Biplav Srivastava

Psychotherapy reaches only a small fraction of individuals suffering from mental disorders due to social stigma and the limited availability of therapists. Large language models (LLMs), when equipped with professional psychotherapeutic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yougen Zhou , Ningning Zhou , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Aimin Zhou , Liang He

Natural language dialogue systems raise great attention recently. As many dialogue models are data-driven, high-quality datasets are essential to these systems. In this paper, we introduce Pchatbot, a large-scale dialogue dataset that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Hongjin Qian , Xiaohe Li , Hanxun Zhong , Yu Guo , Yueyuan Ma , Yutao Zhu , Zhanliang Liu , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

While modern dialogue systems heavily rely on large language models (LLMs), their implementation often goes beyond pure LLM interaction. Developers integrate multiple LLMs, external tools, and databases. Therefore, assessment of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Roman Mayr , Michel Schimpf , Thomas Bohné

There is an increasing interest in developing LLMs for medical diagnosis to improve diagnosis efficiency. Despite their alluring technological potential, there is no unified and comprehensive evaluation criterion, leading to the inability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Xiaoming Shi , Jie Xu , Jinru Ding , Jiali Pang , Sichen Liu , Shuqing Luo , Xingwei Peng , Lu Lu , Haihong Yang , Mingtao Hu , Tong Ruan , Shaoting Zhang

A chatbot's personality design is key to interaction quality. As chatbots evolved from rule-based systems to those powered by large language models (LLMs), evaluating the effectiveness of their personality design has become increasingly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Huiqi Zou , Pengda Wang , Zihan Yan , Tianjun Sun , Ziang Xiao

Recent studies show the effectiveness of interview chatbots for information elicitation. However, designing an effective interview chatbot is non-trivial. Few tools exist to help designers design, evaluate, and improve an interview chatbot…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Xu Han , Michelle Zhou , Matthew Turner , Tom Yeh

Mutation testing is a technique aimed at assessing the effectiveness of test suites by seeding artificial faults into programs. Although available for many platforms and languages, no mutation testing tool is currently available for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Michael Ferdinando Urrico , Diego Clerissi , Leonardo Mariani

Open-domain dialog systems (also known as chatbots) have increasingly drawn attention in natural language processing. Some of the recent work aims at incorporating affect information into sequence-to-sequence neural dialog modeling, making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Yubo Xie , Ekaterina Svikhnushina , Pearl Pu