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AI companion chatbots are increasingly used for emotional support, with prior work in the domain predominantly documenting their mixed psychosocial impacts, including both increased emotional expression and heightened loneliness. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Olivia Yan Huang , Monika Stodolska , Sharifa Sultana

LLM-based agents have emerged as transformative tools capable of executing complex tasks through iterative planning and action, achieving significant advancements in understanding and addressing user needs. Yet, their effectiveness remains…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mithat Can Ozgun , Jiahuan Pei , Koen Hindriks , Lucia Donatelli , Qingzhi Liu , Junxiao Wang

Personalized support is essential to fulfill individuals' emotional needs and sustain their mental well-being. Large language models (LLMs), with great customization flexibility, hold promises to enable individuals to create their own…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xi Zheng , Zhuoyang Li , Xinning Gui , Yuhan Luo

Evaluating the quality of open-domain chatbots has become increasingly reliant on LLMs acting as automatic judges. However, existing meta-evaluation benchmarks are static, outdated, and lacking in multilingual coverage, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 John Mendonça , Alon Lavie , Isabel Trancoso

Chatbots, also known as conversational agents, have become ubiquitous, offering services for a multitude of domains. Unlike general-purpose chatbots, task-based chatbots are software designed to prioritize the completion of tasks of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Diego Clerissi , Elena Masserini , Daniela Micucci , Leonardo Mariani

Self-attentional models are a new paradigm for sequence modelling tasks which differ from common sequence modelling methods, such as recurrence-based and convolution-based sequence learning, in the way that their architecture is only based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Mansour Saffar Mehrjardi , Amine Trabelsi , Osmar R. Zaiane

Patients must possess the knowledge necessary to actively participate in their care. We present NoteAid-Chatbot, a conversational AI that promotes patient understanding via a novel 'learning as conversation' framework, built on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Won Seok Jang , Hieu Tran , Manav Mistry , SaiKiran Gandluri , Yifan Zhang , Sharmin Sultana , Sunjae Kown , Yuan Zhang , Zonghai Yao , Hong Yu

Chatbots systems, despite their popularity in today's HCI and CSCW research, fall short for one of the two reasons: 1) many of the systems use a rule-based dialog flow, thus they can only respond to a limited number of pre-defined inputs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Liuping Wang , Dakuo Wang , Feng Tian , Zhenhui Peng , Xiangmin Fan , Zhan Zhang , Shuai Ma , Mo Yu , Xiaojuan Ma , Hongan Wang

A significant application of Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, is their deployment as chat agents, which respond to human inquiries across a variety of domains. While current LLMs proficiently answer general questions, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Lang Cao

Effective feature representations play a critical role in enhancing the performance of text generation models that rely on deep neural networks. However, current approaches suffer from several drawbacks, such as the inability to capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Omama Hamad , Ali Hamdi , Khaled Shaban

Software development is a cognitively intensive process requiring multitasking, adherence to evolving workflows, and continuous learning. With the rise of large language model (LLM)-based tools, such as conversational agents (CAs), there is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Glaucia Melo , Paulo Alencar , Donald Cowan

As mental health chatbots proliferate to address the global treatment gap, a critical question emerges: How do we design for relational safety the quality of interaction patterns that unfold across conversations rather than the correctness…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Joydeep Chandra , Satyam Kumar Navneet , Yong Zhang

We introduce MentalChat16K, an English benchmark dataset combining a synthetic mental health counseling dataset and a dataset of anonymized transcripts from interventions between Behavioral Health Coaches and Caregivers of patients in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jia Xu , Tianyi Wei , Bojian Hou , Patryk Orzechowski , Shu Yang , Ruochen Jin , Rachael Paulbeck , Joost Wagenaar , George Demiris , Li Shen

Today is the era of intelligence in machines. With the advances in Artificial Intelligence, machines have started to impersonate different human traits, a chatbot is the next big thing in the domain of conversational services. A chatbot is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Khouloud Hwerbi

Dialogue systems, also called chatbots, are now used in a wide range of applications. However, they still have some major weaknesses. One key weakness is that they are typically trained from manually-labeled data and/or written with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Bing Liu , Sahisnu Mazumder

Mental health remains a major public health concern, while access to timely psychological support is often limited. AI-based dialogue systems have emerged as promising tools to address these barriers, and recent advances in large language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Daeun Lee , Dongje Yoo , Migyeong Yang , Jihyun An , Christine B. Cha , Jinyoung Han

People experiencing severe distress increasingly use Large Language Model (LLM) chatbots as mental health support tools. Discussions on social media have described how engagements were lifesaving for some, but evidence suggests that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Inhwa Song , Sachin R. Pendse , Neha Kumar , Munmun De Choudhury

Using chatbots to deliver recommendations is increasingly popular. The design of recommendation chatbots has primarily been taking an information-centric approach by focusing on the recommended content per se. Limited attention is on how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Kai-Hui Liang , Weiyan Shi , Yoojung Oh , Hao-Chuan Wang , Jingwen Zhang , Zhou Yu

Family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (AD/ADRD) face significant emotional and logistical challenges that place them at heightened risk for stress, anxiety, and depression. Although recent advances…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jiayue Melissa Shi , Dong Whi Yoo , Keran Wang , Violeta J. Rodriguez , Ravi Karkar , Koustuv Saha

Knowledge based dialogue systems have attracted increasing research interest in diverse applications. However, for disease diagnosis, the widely used knowledge graph is hard to represent the symptom-symptom relations and symptom-disease…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Xinyan Zhao , Liangwei Chen , Huanhuan Chen