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Content-addressable memories such as Modern Hopfield Networks (MHN) have been studied as mathematical models of auto-association and storage/retrieval in the human declarative memory, yet their practical use for large-scale content storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Satyananda Kashyap , Niharika S. D'Souza , Luyao Shi , Ken C. L. Wong , Hongzhi Wang , Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood

Fully connected Blume-Emery-Griffiths neural networks performing pattern recognition and associative memory have been heuristically studied in the past (mainly via the replica trick and under the replica symmetric assumption) as…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-01-13 Linda Albanese , Andrea Alessandrelli , Adriano Barra , Emilio N. M. Cirillo

Storing memory for molecular recognition is an efficient strategy for responding to external stimuli. Biological processes use different strategies to store memory. In the olfactory cortex, synaptic connections form when stimulated by an…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-06-07 Oskar H Schnaack , Luca Peliti , Armita Nourmohammad

We analyze a variant of the Hopfield model that incorporates an unlearning mechanism based on spin correlations in the high-temperature regime. In the large system limit where extensively many patterns are stored, we employ the replica…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-10 Shuta Takeuchi , Takashi Takahashi , Yoshiyuki Kabashima

Sequence memory is an essential attribute of natural and artificial intelligence that enables agents to encode, store, and retrieve complex sequences of stimuli and actions. Computational models of sequence memory have been proposed where…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Hamza Tahir Chaudhry , Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth , Dmitry Krotov , Cengiz Pehlevan

Kernel-based learning methods such as Kernel Logistic Regression (KLR) can substantially increase the storage capacity of Hopfield networks, but the principles governing their performance and stability remain largely uncharacterized. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Akira Tamamori

Recent vision and multimodal foundation backbones, such as Transformer families and state-space models like Mamba, have achieved remarkable progress, enabling unified modeling across images, text, and beyond. Despite their empirical…

Parameter-efficient transfer learning (PETL), i.e., fine-tuning a small portion of parameters, is an effective strategy for adapting pre-trained models to downstream domains. To further reduce the memory demand, recent PETL works focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Haiwen Diao , Bo Wan , Ying Zhang , Xu Jia , Huchuan Lu , Long Chen

This paper develops a memory-efficient approach for Sequential Pattern Mining (SPM), a fundamental topic in knowledge discovery that faces a well-known memory bottleneck for large data sets. Our methodology involves a novel hybrid trie data…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Amin Hosseininasab , Willem-Jan van Hoeve , Andre A. Cire

Hebbian learning limits Hopfield network storage capacity (pattern-to-neuron ratio around 0.14). We propose Kernel Logistic Regression (KLR) learning. Unlike linear methods, KLR uses kernels to implicitly map patterns to high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Akira Tamamori

Kernel-based learning methods can dramatically increase the storage capacity of Hopfield networks, yet the dynamical mechanisms behind this enhancement remain poorly understood. We address this gap by combining a geometric characterization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Akira Tamamori

The Little-Hopfield network is an auto-associative computational model of neural memory storage and retrieval. This model is known to robustly store collections of randomly generated binary patterns as stable-states of the network dynamics.…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-04-30 Christopher Hillar , Ngoc Tran , Kilian Koepsell

Dense associative memory, a fundamental instance of modern Hopfield networks, can store a large number of memory patterns as equilibrium states of recurrent networks. While the stationary-state storage capacity has been investigated, its…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-10-29 Kazushi Mimura , Jun'ichi Takeuchi , Yuto Sumikawa , Yoshiyuki Kabashima , Anthony C. C. Coolen

We analyze continuous Hopfield associative memories augmented by additional, rapid short-term associative synaptic plasticity. Through the cavity method, we determine the boundary between the retrieval and forgetting, or spin-glass phase,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-10 Martina Del Gaudio , Federico Ghimenti , Surya Ganguli

In neuroscience, classical Hopfield networks are the standard biologically plausible model of long-term memory, relying on Hebbian plasticity for storage and attractor dynamics for recall. In contrast, memory-augmented neural networks in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-28 Danil Tyulmankov , Ching Fang , Annapurna Vadaparty , Guangyu Robert Yang

Quantized Spiking Neural Networks (QSNNs) offer superior energy efficiency and are well-suited for deployment on resource-limited edge devices. However, limited bit-width weight and membrane potential result in a notable performance…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Dehao Zhang , Shuai Wang , Yichen Xiao , Wenjie Wei , Yimeng Shan , Malu Zhang , Yang Yang

It is shown that a Hopfield recurrent neural network exhibits a scaling regime, whose specific exponents depend on the number of parcels used and the decay length of the coupling strength. This scaling regime recovers the picture introduced…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-17 Giorgio Gosti , Sauro Succi , Giancarlo Ruocco

Reasoning is the ability to integrate internal states and external inputs in a meaningful and semantically consistent flow. Contemporary machine learning (ML) systems increasingly rely on such sequential reasoning, from language…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Simone Betteti , Giacomo Baggio , Sandro Zampieri

Memory-augmented spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise energy-efficient neuromorphic computing, yet their generalization across sensory modalities remains unexplored. We present the first comprehensive cross-modal ablation study of memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Effiong Blessing , Chiung-Yi Tseng , Somshubhra Roy , Junaid Rehman , Isaac Nkrumah

Traditional deep learning relies on end-to-end backpropagation for training, but it suffers from drawbacks such as high memory consumption and not aligning with biological neural networks. Recent advancements have introduced locally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Junhao Su , Chenghao He , Feiyu Zhu , Xiaojie Xu , Dongzhi Guan , Chenyang Si