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Current multimodal large lanauge models possess strong perceptual and reasoning capabilities, however high computational and memory requirements make them difficult to deploy directly on on-device environments. While small-parameter models…

In recent years, there has been a significant interest in developing machine learning algorithms on embedded systems. This is particularly relevant for bare metal devices in Internet of Things, Robotics, and Industrial applications that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Matteo Carnelos , Francesco Pasti , Nicola Bellotto

We propose a novel algorithm for visual question answering based on a recurrent deep neural network, where every module in the network corresponds to a complete answering unit with attention mechanism by itself. The network is optimized by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-03 Hyeonwoo Noh , Bohyung Han

Machine learning on tiny IoT devices based on microcontroller units (MCU) is appealing but challenging: the memory of microcontrollers is 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller even than mobile phones. We propose MCUNet, a framework that jointly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Ji Lin , Wei-Ming Chen , Yujun Lin , John Cohn , Chuang Gan , Song Han

Effective multimodal fusion requires mechanisms that can capture complex cross-modal dependencies while remaining computationally scalable for real-world deployment. Existing audio-visual fusion approaches face a fundamental trade-off:…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mohamed Saleh , Zahra Ahmadi

Tiny machine learning (TinyML) has gained widespread popularity where machine learning (ML) is democratized on ubiquitous microcontrollers, processing sensor data everywhere in real-time. To manage TinyML in the industry, where mass…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Haoyu Ren , Darko Anicic , Thomas Runkler

DTMM is a library designed for efficient deployment and execution of machine learning models on weak IoT devices such as microcontroller units (MCUs). The motivation for designing DTMM comes from the emerging field of tiny machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Lixiang Han , Zhen Xiao , Zhenjiang Li

Visual Question Answering (VQA) requires models to reason over multimodal information, combining visual and textual data. With the development of continual learning, significant progress has been made in retaining knowledge and adapting to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zhifei Li , Yiran Wang , Chenyi Xiong , Yujing Xia , Xiaoju Hou , Yue Zhao , Miao Zhang , Kui Xiao , Bing Yang

Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) have enabled its deployment on resource-constrained edge devices, fostering innovative applications such as intelligent environmental sensing. However, these devices, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yi Hu , Jinhang Zuo , Eddie Zhang , Bob Iannucci , Carlee Joe-Wong

Video behavior recognition and scene understanding are fundamental tasks in multimodal intelligence, serving as critical building blocks for numerous real-world applications. Through large multimodal models (LMMs) have achieved remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Xingjian Zhang , Xi Weng , Yihao Yue , Zhaoxin Fan , Wenjun Wu , Lei Huang

In this current technological world, the application of machine learning is becoming ubiquitous. Incorporating machine learning algorithms on extremely low-power and inexpensive embedded devices at the edge level is now possible due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Harsha Yelchuri , Rashmi R

As technology advances, the use of Machine Learning (ML) in cybersecurity is becoming increasingly crucial to tackle the growing complexity of cyber threats. While traditional ML models can enhance cybersecurity, their high energy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Fatemeh Dehrouyeh , Li Yang , Firouz Badrkhani Ajaei , Abdallah Shami

In the last few years, research and development on Deep Learning models and techniques for ultra-low-power devices in a word, TinyML has mainly focused on a train-then-deploy assumption, with static models that cannot be adapted to newly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Leonardo Ravaglia , Manuele Rusci , Davide Nadalini , Alessandro Capotondi , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini

Vision-language models (VLMs) show remarkable performance in multimodal tasks. However, excessively long multimodal inputs lead to oversized Key-Value (KV) caches, resulting in significant memory consumption and I/O bottlenecks. Previous KV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zunhai Su , Wang Shen , Linge Li , Zhe Chen , Hanyu Wei , Huangqi Yu , Kehong Yuan

Reasoning about fine-grained spatial relationships in warehouse-scale environments poses a significant challenge for existing vision-language models (VLMs), which often struggle to comprehend 3D layouts, object arrangements, and multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Vinh-Thuan Ly , Hoang M. Truong , Xuan-Huong Nguyen

Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has become a growing field in on-device processing for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, capitalizing on AI algorithms that are optimized for their low complexity and energy efficiency. These algorithms…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Asmer Hamid Ali , Mozhgan Navardi , Tinoosh Mohsenin

We address the problem of Visual Question Answering (VQA), which requires joint image and language understanding to answer a question about a given photograph. Recent approaches have applied deep image captioning methods based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Huijuan Xu , Kate Saenko

In this paper, we propose a new dataset, ReasonVQA, for the Visual Question Answering (VQA) task. Our dataset is automatically integrated with structured encyclopedic knowledge and constructed using a low-cost framework, which is capable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Duong T. Tran , Trung-Kien Tran , Manfred Hauswirth , Danh Le Phuoc

Medical Visual Question Answering (MedVQA) has attracted growing interest at the intersection of medical image understanding and natural language processing for clinical applications. By interpreting medical images and providing precise…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Zhilin Zhang , Jie Wang , Zhanghao Qin , Ruiqi Zhu , Xiaoliang Gong

As vision-language models (VLMs) tackle increasingly complex and multimodal tasks, the rapid growth of Key-Value (KV) cache imposes significant memory and computational bottlenecks during inference. While Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xiaoran Fan , Zhichao Sun , Tao Ji , Lixing Shen , Tao Gui