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Large-language-models (LLMs) demonstrate enormous utility in long-context tasks which require processing prompts that consist of tens to hundreds of thousands of tokens. However, existing LLM training libraries do not provide easy to use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ahan Gupta , Zhihao Wang , Neel Dani , Masahiro Tanaka , Olatunji Ruwase , Minjia Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to longer context windows, the computational cost of attention mechanisms, which traditionally grows quadratically with input length, presents a critical challenge for real-time and memory-constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 James Vo

The quadratic complexity of standard attention mechanisms poses a significant scalability bottleneck for large language models (LLMs) in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention strategies that combine sparse and full attention within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zecheng Tang , Quantong Qiu , Yi Yang , Zhiyi Hong , Haiya Xiang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Linear attention is an efficient attention mechanism that has recently emerged as a promising alternative to conventional softmax attention. With its ability to process tokens in linear computational complexities, linear attention, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zhen Qin , Weigao Sun , Dong Li , Xuyang Shen , Weixuan Sun , Yiran Zhong

In sequence to sequence learning, the self-attention mechanism proves to be highly effective, and achieves significant improvements in many tasks. However, the self-attention mechanism is not without its own flaws. Although self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Guangxiang Zhao , Xu Sun , Jingjing Xu , Zhiyuan Zhang , Liangchen Luo

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to million-token contexts, traditional Mechanistic Interpretability techniques for analyzing attention scale quadratically with context length, demanding terabytes of memory beyond 100,000 tokens. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 J Rosser , José Luis Redondo García , Gustavo Penha , Konstantina Palla , Hugues Bouchard

The quadratic computational complexity of standard attention mechanisms presents a severe scalability bottleneck for LLMs in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention mechanisms combining Full Attention (FA) and Sparse Attention (SA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Quantong Qiu , Zhiyi Hong , Yi Yang , Haitian Wang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Long-context modeling is crucial for next-generation language models, yet the high computational cost of standard attention mechanisms poses significant computational challenges. Sparse attention offers a promising direction for improving…

Video transformer naturally incurs a heavier computation burden than a static vision transformer, as the former processes $T$ times longer sequence than the latter under the current attention of quadratic complexity $(T^2N^2)$. The existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Hao Zhang , Lechao Cheng , Yanbin Hao , Chong-Wah Ngo

Deep learning is a popular machine learning technique and has been applied to many real-world problems. However, training a deep neural network is very time-consuming, especially on big data. It has become difficult for a single machine to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xing Zhao , Aijun An , Junfeng Liu , Bao Xin Chen

To help address the growing demand for ever-longer sequence lengths in transformer models, Liu et al. recently proposed Ring Attention, an exact attention algorithm capable of overcoming per-device memory bottle- necks by distributing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 William Brandon , Aniruddha Nrusimha , Kevin Qian , Zachary Ankner , Tian Jin , Zhiye Song , Jonathan Ragan-Kelley

Transformers are considered one of the most important deep learning models since 2018, in part because it establishes state-of-the-art (SOTA) records and could potentially replace existing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Despite the remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Hongwu Peng , Shaoyi Huang , Shiyang Chen , Bingbing Li , Tong Geng , Ang Li , Weiwen Jiang , Wujie Wen , Jinbo Bi , Hang Liu , Caiwen Ding

High-dimensional, heterogeneous data with complex feature interactions pose significant challenges for traditional predictive modeling approaches. While Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) remains a popular technique, it struggles to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Farwa Abbas , Hussain Ahmad , Claudia Szabo

Training language models on long sequence data is a demanding requirement for enhancing the model's capability on complex tasks, e.g., long-chain reasoning. However, as the sequence length scales up, the memory cost for storing activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qijun Luo , Mengqi Li , Lei Zhao , Xiao Li

Prevailing LLM serving engines employ expert parallelism (EP) to implement multi-device inference of massive MoE models. However, the efficiency of expert parallel inference is largely bounded by inter-device communication, as EP embraces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yan Li , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhengang Wang , Pengfei Chen , Pengfei Zheng

Ever since their conception, Transformers have taken over traditional sequence models in many tasks, such as NLP, image classification, and video/audio processing, for their fast training and superior performance. Much of the merit is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Hongyu Hè , Marko Kabic

In large-scale LLM pre-training systems with 100k+ GPUs, failures become the norm rather than the exception, and restart costs can dominate wall-clock training time. However, existing fault-tolerance mechanisms are largely unprepared for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jin Lee , Zhonghao Chen , Xuhang He , Robert Underwood , Bogdan Nicolae , Franck Cappello , Xiaoyi Lu , Sheng Di , Zheng Zhang

Video diffusion models (VDMs) perform attention computation over the 3D spatio-temporal domain. Compared to large language models (LLMs) processing 1D sequences, their memory consumption scales cubically, necessitating parallel serving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhiyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Li Chen , Kaihui Gao , Dan Li , Yanyu Ren , Qiming Zhang , Yong Wang

Scaling Transformers to longer sequence lengths has been a major problem in the last several years, promising to improve performance in language modeling and high-resolution image understanding, as well as to unlock new applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Tri Dao

Self-attention in transformer models is an incremental associative memory that maps key vectors to value vectors. One way to speed up self-attention is to employ GPU-compatible vector search algorithms based on standard partitioning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré , Gergely Szilvasy , Maria Lomeli , Francisco Massa , Naila Murray , Hervé Jégou , Matthijs Douze