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Related papers: A fading radius valley towards M-dwarfs, a persist…

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Mass-radius relationships for water-rich rocky planets are usually calculated assuming most water is present in condensed (either liquid or solid) form. Planet density estimates are then compared to these mass-radius relationships, even…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-08 Martin Turbet , Emeline Bolmont , David Ehrenreich , Pierre Gratier , Jérémy Leconte , Franck Selsis , Nathan Hara , Christophe Lovis

The interest in the structure of ice-rich planetary bodies, in particular the differentiation between ice and rock, has grown due to the discovery of Kuiper belt objects and exoplanets. We thus carry out a parameter study for a range of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-30 Stephan Loveless , Dina Prialnik , Morris Podolak

Several planet formation models have been proposed to explain the gap in the population of planets between $1.8$ $R_\oplus$ to $2.0$ $R_\oplus$ known as the Radius Valley. To apply these models to confirmed exoplanets, accurate and precise…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-12 David Jordan , Inseok Song

Among potentially habitable worlds, rocky planets orbiting M dwarfs offer the most favorable prospects for atmospheric characterization, yet their climates may differ substantially from those of Earth analogs. In the tidally locked limit,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-07 Howard Chen , Aida Ildirimzade , Evelyn Macdonald

The masses and radii of exoplanets are fundamental quantities needed for their characterisation. Studying the different populations of exoplanets is important for understanding the demographics of the different planetary types, which can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-05 J. F. Otegi , F. Bouchy , R. Helled

Several planetary formation models have been proposed to explain the observed abundance and variety of compositions of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. In this context, multitransiting systems orbiting low-mass stars whose planets are close…

To aid in the physical interpretation of planetary radii constrained through observations of transiting planets, or eventually direct detections, we compute model radii of pure hydrogen-helium, water, rock, and iron planets, along with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 Jonathan J. Fortney , Mark S. Marley , Jason W. Barnes

The prospects for the habitability of M-dwarf planets have long been debated, due to key differences between the unique stellar and planetary environments around these low-mass stars, as compared to hotter, more luminous Sun-like stars.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-25 Aomawa L. Shields , Sarah Ballard , John Asher Johnson

Water is fundamental to our understanding of the evolution of planetary systems and the delivery of volatiles to the surfaces of potentially habitable planets. Yet, we currently have essentially no facilities capable of observing this key…

The orbital eccentricity-radius relation for small planets is indicative of the predominant dynamical sculpting processes during late-stage orbital evolution. Previous studies have shown that planets orbiting Sun-like stars exhibit an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-11 Sheila Sagear , Sarah Ballard , Gregory J. Gilbert , Mariangel Albornoz , Christopher Lam

We present empirical evidence, supported by a planet formation model, to show that the curve $R/R_\oplus = 1.05\,(F/F_\oplus)^{0.11}$ approximates the location of the so-called photo-evaporation valley. Planets below that curve are likely…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-24 Daniel Carrera , Eric B. Ford , Andre Izidoro , Daniel Jontof-Hutter , Sean N. Raymond , Angie Wolfgang

Terrestrial planets within the Venus zone surrounding M dwarf stars can retain surface ice caps on the perpetual dark side if atmospheric heat transport is inefficient, {as suggested by previous global climate simulations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-05 Yueyun Ouyang , Feng Ding , Jun Yang

Exoplanet observations show that close-in super-Earths are more common around M-dwarfs than around solar mass stars. Since the snow line in a protoplanetary disc plays a crucial role in determining the amount of solid material available for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-22 Danilo A. Arturo Rodriguez , Rebecca G. Martin

During the post-main sequence phase of stellar evolution the orbital distance of the habitable zone, which allows for liquid surface water on terrestrial planets, moves out past the system's original frost line, providing an opportunity for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-25 Thea Kozakis , Lisa Kaltenegger

Low-gravity waterworlds ($M\lesssim 0.1 M_{\oplus}$) are of interest for their potential habitability. The weakly bound atmospheres of such worlds have proportionally larger radiative surfaces and are more susceptible to escape. We conduct…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-15 Constantin W. Arnscheidt , Robin D. Wordsworth , Feng Ding

Context. The composition of a protoplanetary disk at a given location does not only depend on temperature and pressure but also on the time dependent transport of matter, such as radial drift of solid bodies, which could release water and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-11 Remo Burn , Ulysse Marboeuf , Yann Alibert , Willy Benz

It has long been known that stars with high metallicity are more likely to host giant planets than stars with low metallicity. Yet the connection between host star metallicity and the properties of small planets is only just beginning to be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Kevin C. Schlaufman

Transiting planet surveys like Kepler have provided a wealth of information on the distribution of planetary radii, particularly for the new populations of super-Earth and sub-Neptune sized planets. In order to aid in the physical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Eric D. Lopez , Jonathan J. Fortney

In 2017, the California-Kepler Survey (CKS) published its first data release (DR1) of high-resolution optical spectra of 1305 planet hosts. Refined CKS planet radii revealed that small planets are bifurcated into two distinct populations:…