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Collecting human judgements is currently the most reliable evaluation method for natural language generation systems. Automatic metrics have reported flaws when applied to measure quality aspects of generated text and have been shown to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Thórhildur Thorleiksdóttir , Cedric Renggli , Nora Hollenstein , Ce Zhang

Human evaluation of modern high-quality machine translation systems is a difficult problem, and there is increasing evidence that inadequate evaluation procedures can lead to erroneous conclusions. While there has been considerable research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Markus Freitag , George Foster , David Grangier , Viresh Ratnakar , Qijun Tan , Wolfgang Macherey

Human evaluation is critical for validating the performance of text-to-image generative models, as this highly cognitive process requires deep comprehension of text and images. However, our survey of 37 recent papers reveals that many works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Mayu Otani , Riku Togashi , Yu Sawai , Ryosuke Ishigami , Yuta Nakashima , Esa Rahtu , Janne Heikkilä , Shin'ichi Satoh

Machine translation evaluation is a very important activity in machine translation development. Automatic evaluation metrics proposed in literature are inadequate as they require one or more human reference translations to compare them with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-11-18 Nisheeth Joshi , Iti Mathur , Hemant Darbari , Ajai Kumar

Human evaluation of machine translation is in an arms race with translation model quality: as our models get better, our evaluation methods need to be improved to ensure that quality gains are not lost in evaluation noise. To this end, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Parker Riley , Daniel Deutsch , Mara Finkelstein , Colten DiIanni , Juraj Juraska , Markus Freitag

Human evaluation is indispensable and inevitable for assessing the quality of texts generated by machine learning models or written by humans. However, human evaluation is very difficult to reproduce and its quality is notoriously unstable,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Improvements in text generation technologies such as machine translation have necessitated more costly and time-consuming human evaluation procedures to ensure an accurate signal. We investigate a simple way to reduce cost by reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Belén Saldías , George Foster , Markus Freitag , Qijun Tan

Human evaluation for natural language generation (NLG) often suffers from inconsistent user ratings. While previous research tends to attribute this problem to individual user preferences, we show that the quality of human judgements can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Jekaterina Novikova , Ondřej Dušek , Verena Rieser

Human evaluation is crucial for assessing rapidly evolving language models but is influenced by annotator proficiency and task design. This study explores the integration of comparative judgment into human annotation for machine translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yixiao Song , Parker Riley , Daniel Deutsch , Markus Freitag

The quality of machine translation has increased remarkably over the past years, to the degree that it was found to be indistinguishable from professional human translation in a number of empirical investigations. We reassess Hassan et…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Samuel Läubli , Sheila Castilho , Graham Neubig , Rico Sennrich , Qinlan Shen , Antonio Toral

In this position paper, we argue that human evaluation of generative large language models (LLMs) should be a multidisciplinary undertaking that draws upon insights from disciplines such as user experience research and human behavioral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Aparna Elangovan , Ling Liu , Lei Xu , Sravan Bodapati , Dan Roth

The overall translation quality reached by current machine translation (MT) systems for high-resourced language pairs is remarkably good. Standard methods of evaluation are not suitable nor intended to uncover the many translation errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Vilém Zouhar , Věra Kloudová , Martin Popel , Ondřej Bojar

Evaluation of open-domain dialogue systems is highly challenging and development of better techniques is highlighted time and again as desperately needed. Despite substantial efforts to carry out reliable live evaluation of systems in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Tianbo Ji , Yvette Graham , Gareth J. F. Jones , Chenyang Lyu , Qun Liu

In Machine Translation, assessing the quality of a large amount of automatic translations can be challenging. Automatic metrics are not reliable when it comes to high performing systems. In addition, resorting to human evaluators can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Vânia Mendonça , Ricardo Rei , Luisa Coheur , Alberto Sardinha , Ana Lúcia Santos

Obtaining meaningful quality scores for machine translation systems through human evaluation remains a challenge given the high variability between human evaluators, partly due to subjective expectations for translation quality for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Daniel Licht , Cynthia Gao , Janice Lam , Francisco Guzman , Mona Diab , Philipp Koehn

Checkpoint selection for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) presents significant challenges when performance differentials are marginal and evaluation signals are prone to noise. Existing methodologies rely heavily on static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qinwu Xu , Zhuoheng Li , Jessie Salas

Machine Translation is the challenging problem for Indian languages. Every day we can see some machine translators being developed, but getting a high quality automatic translation is still a very distant dream . The correct translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Pooja Gupta , Nisheeth Joshi , Iti Mathur

Inferring evaluation scores based on human judgments is invaluable compared to using current evaluation metrics which are not suitable for real-time applications e.g. post-editing. However, these judgments are much more expensive to collect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-07-09 Ibrahim Sabek , Noha A. Yousri , Nagwa Elmakky , Mona Habib

The creation of a quality summarization dataset is an expensive, time-consuming effort, requiring the production and evaluation of summaries by both trained humans and machines. If such effort is made in one language, it would be beneficial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Spencer Braun , Oleg Vasilyev , Neslihan Iskender , John Bohannon

As generative AI models such as large language models (LLMs) become more pervasive, ensuring the safety, robustness, and overall trustworthiness of these systems is paramount. However, AI is currently facing a reproducibility crisis driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Deepak Pandita , Flip Korn , Chris Welty , Christopher M. Homan
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