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Continual Learning (CL) is a powerful tool that enables agents to learn a sequence of tasks, accumulating knowledge learned in the past and using it for problem-solving or future task learning. However, existing CL methods often assume that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Chaofan Pan , Jiafen Liu , Yanhua Li , Linbo Xiong , Fan Min , Wei Wei , Xin Yang

We propose a novel framework and a solution to tackle the continual learning (CL) problem with changing network architectures. Most CL methods focus on adapting a single architecture to a new task/class by modifying its weights. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Divyam Madaan , Hongxu Yin , Wonmin Byeon , Jan Kautz , Pavlo Molchanov

Continual Learning (CL) aims to incrementally acquire new knowledge while mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Within this setting, Online Continual Learning (OCL) focuses on updating models promptly and incrementally from single or small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Giovanni Donghi , Luca Pasa , Daniele Zambon , Cesare Alippi , Nicolò Navarin

In this paper, we focus on a long-term continual learning (CL) task, where a model learns sequentially from a stream of vast tasks over time, acquiring new knowledge while retaining previously learned information in a manner akin to human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Tianyu Huai , Jie Zhou , Yuxuan Cai , Qin Chen , Wen Wu , Xingjiao Wu , Xipeng Qiu , Liang He

As the applications of large language models (LLMs) expand across diverse fields, the ability of these models to adapt to ongoing changes in data, tasks, and user preferences becomes crucial. Traditional training methods, relying on static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Junhao Zheng , Shengjie Qiu , Chengming Shi , Qianli Ma

The goal of Continual Learning (CL) task is to continuously learn multiple new tasks sequentially while achieving a balance between the plasticity and stability of new and old knowledge. This paper analyzes that this insufficiency arises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hanxi Xiao , Fan Lyu

Continual learning (CL) is a paradigm that aims to replicate the human ability to learn and accumulate knowledge continually without forgetting previous knowledge and transferring it to new tasks. Recent instruction tuning (IT) involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zihan Zhang , Meng Fang , Ling Chen , Mohammad-Reza Namazi-Rad

Scenarios in which restrictions in data transfer and storage limit the possibility to compose a single dataset -- also exploiting different data sources -- to perform a batch-based training procedure, make the development of robust models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Lorenzo Pellegrini , Guido Borghi , Annalisa Franco , Davide Maltoni

Most existing works on continual learning (CL) focus on overcoming the catastrophic forgetting (CF) problem, with dynamic models and replay methods performing exceptionally well. However, since current works tend to assume exclusivity or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Sijia Wang , Yoojin Choi , Junya Chen , Mostafa El-Khamy , Ricardo Henao

Continual learning is a process that involves training learning agents to sequentially master a stream of tasks or classes without revisiting past data. The challenge lies in leveraging previously acquired knowledge to learn new tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Marcus de Carvalho , Mahardhika Pratama , Jie Zhang , Chua Haoyan , Edward Yapp

Continual learning (CL) is a setting in which an agent has to learn from an incoming stream of data sequentially. CL performance evaluates the model's ability to continually learn and solve new problems with incremental available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Josh Andle , Salimeh Yasaei Sekeh

Approaches to continual learning aim to successfully learn a set of related tasks that arrive in an online manner. Recently, several frameworks have been developed which enable deep learning to be deployed in this learning scenario. A key…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-17 Tameem Adel , Han Zhao , Richard E. Turner

Continual Learning (CL) methods usually learn from all available data. However, this is not the case in human cognition which efficiently focuses on key experiences while disregarding the redundant information. Similarly, not all data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Elif Ceren Gok Yildirim , Murat Onur Yildirim , Joaquin Vanschoren

Growing concerns surrounding AI safety and data privacy have driven the development of Machine Unlearning as a potential solution. However, current machine unlearning algorithms are designed to complement the offline training paradigm. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sayanta Adhikari , Vishnuprasadh Kumaravelu , P. K. Srijith

This paper proposes and evaluates a new performance estimation method that leverages continual learning (CL) algorithms to carry out sequential simulation experiments for a feedback-based molecular communication protocol. As the protocol is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Siddhant Setia , Junichi Suzuki , Tadashi Nakano

Continual learning (CL) -- the ability to continuously learn, building on previously acquired knowledge -- is a natural requirement for long-lived autonomous reinforcement learning (RL) agents. While building such agents, one needs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Maciej Wołczyk , Michał Zając , Razvan Pascanu , Łukasz Kuciński , Piotr Miłoś

Smart cities stand as pivotal components in the ongoing pursuit of elevating urban living standards, facilitating the rapid expansion of urban areas while efficiently managing resources through sustainable and scalable innovations. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Amin Ullah , Guilin Qi , Saddam Hussain , Irfan Ullah , Zafar Ali

Controllability has become a crucial aspect of trustworthy machine learning, enabling learners to meet predefined targets and adapt dynamically at test time without requiring retraining as the targets shift. We provide a formal definition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Chenglei Shen , Xiao Zhang , Teng Shi , Changshuo Zhang , Guofu Xie , Jun Xu

Data streams are rarely static in dynamic environments like Industry 4.0. Instead, they constantly change, making traditional offline models outdated unless they can quickly adjust to the new data. This need can be adequately addressed by…

As world knowledge advances and new task schemas emerge, Continual Learning (CL) becomes essential for keeping Large Language Models (LLMs) current and addressing their shortcomings. This process typically involves continual instruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Haokun Zhao , Haixia Han , Jie Shi , Chengyu Du , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao