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Continual learning (CL) is a branch of machine learning that aims to enable agents to adapt and generalise previously learned abilities so that these can be reapplied to new tasks or environments. This is particularly useful in multi-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kim N. Nolle , Ivana Dusparic , Rhodri Cusack , Vinny Cahill

Continual learning (CL) provides a framework for training models in ever-evolving environments. Although re-occurrence of previously seen objects or tasks is common in real-world problems, the concept of repetition in the data stream is not…

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability of an algorithm to continuously and incrementally acquire new knowledge from its environment while retaining previously learned information. A model trained on one data modality often fails when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Nilay Kushawaha , Egidio Falotico

Developing effective predictive models becomes challenging in dynamic environments that continuously produce data and constantly change. Continual Learning (CL) and Streaming Machine Learning (SML) are two research areas that tackle this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Federico Giannini , Giacomo Ziffer , Andrea Cossu , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Continual learning (CL) is a new online learning technique over sequentially generated streaming data from different tasks, aiming to maintain a small forgetting loss on previously-learned tasks. Existing work focuses on reducing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shugang Hao , Lingjie Duan

The ability to learn in dynamic, nonstationary environments without forgetting previous knowledge, also known as Continual Learning (CL), is a key enabler for scalable and trustworthy deployments of adaptive solutions. While the importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Andrea Cossu , Antonio Carta , Davide Bacciu

Continual learning (CL) is one of the most promising trends in recent machine learning research. Its goal is to go beyond classical assumptions in machine learning and develop models and learning strategies that present high robustness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Kamil Faber , Dominik Zurek , Marcin Pietron , Nathalie Japkowicz , Antonio Vergari , Roberto Corizzo

Deep neural networks, despite their remarkable success, remain fundamentally limited in their ability to perform Continual Learning (CL). While most current methods aim to enhance the capabilities of a single model, Inspired by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Aojun Lu , Junchao Ke , Chunhui Ding , Jiahao Fan , Jiancheng Lv , Yanan Sun

In Continual Learning (CL), a neural network is trained on a stream of data whose distribution changes over time. In this context, the main problem is how to learn new information without forgetting old knowledge (i.e., Catastrophic…

A continual learning (CL) algorithm learns from a non-stationary data stream. The non-stationarity is modeled by some schedule that determines how data is presented over time. Most current methods make strong assumptions on the schedule and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Ruohan Wang , Marco Ciccone , Giulia Luise , Andrew Yapp , Massimiliano Pontil , Carlo Ciliberto

We present an empirical study on the use of continual learning (CL) methods in a reinforcement learning (RL) scenario, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been described before. CL is a very active recent research topic concerned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Benedikt Bagus , Alexander Gepperth

Continual learning (CL) is a major challenge of machine learning (ML) and describes the ability to learn several tasks sequentially without catastrophic forgetting (CF). Recent works indicate that CL is a complex topic, even more so when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Benedikt Bagus , Alexander Gepperth

Continual learning aims to learn continuously from a stream of tasks and data in an online-learning fashion, being capable of exploiting what was learned previously to improve current and future tasks while still being able to perform well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Quang Pham , Doyen Sahoo , Chenghao Liu , Steven C. H Hoi

Continual Learning (CL) is a field dedicated to devise algorithms able to achieve lifelong learning. Overcoming the knowledge disruption of previously acquired concepts, a drawback affecting deep learning models and that goes by the name of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Francesco Pelosin

Deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) methods have recently contributed to the advancement of models in the various aspects of prediction, planning, and uncertainty analysis of smart cities and urban development. This paper presents…

General Economics · Economics 2020-10-07 Saeed Nosratabadi , Amir Mosavi , Ramin Keivani , Sina Ardabili , Farshid Aram

Meta continual learning algorithms seek to train a model when faced with similar tasks observed in a sequential manner. Despite promising methodological advancements, there is a lack of theoretical frameworks that enable analysis of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 R. Krishnan , Prasanna Balaprakash

With the explosion of digital data in recent years, continuously learning new tasks from a stream of data without forgetting previously acquired knowledge has become increasingly important. In this paper, we propose a new continual learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Bo Zhao , Shixiang Tang , Dapeng Chen , Hakan Bilen , Rui Zhao

The challenging deployment of compute- and memory-intensive methods from Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based Continual Learning (CL) underscores the critical need for a paradigm shift towards more efficient approaches. Neuromorphic Continual…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mishal Fatima Minhas , Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Falah Awwad , Osman Hasan , Muhammad Shafique

Continual learning is essential for all real-world applications, as frozen pre-trained models cannot effectively deal with non-stationary data distributions. The purpose of this study is to review the state-of-the-art methods that allow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Khadija Shaheen , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Osman Hasan , Muhammad Shafique

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continually learn over time by accommodating new knowledge while retaining previously learned experience. While this concept is inherent in human learning, current machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Anna Vettoruzzo , Joaquin Vanschoren , Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia , Thorsteinn Rögnvaldsson