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Sparsely-gated mixture-of-experts (MoE) has been widely adopted to scale deep learning models to trillion-plus parameters with fixed computational cost. The algorithmic performance of MoE relies on its token routing mechanism that forwards…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Changho Hwang , Wei Cui , Yifan Xiong , Ziyue Yang , Ze Liu , Han Hu , Zilong Wang , Rafael Salas , Jithin Jose , Prabhat Ram , Joe Chau , Peng Cheng , Fan Yang , Mao Yang , Yongqiang Xiong

Since its inception, Vision Transformer (ViT) has emerged as a prevalent model in the computer vision domain. Nonetheless, the multi-head self-attention (MHSA) mechanism in ViT is computationally expensive due to its calculation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Zhe Bian , Zhe Wang , Wenqiang Han , Kangping Wang

Token compression is essential for reducing the computational and memory requirements of transformer models, enabling their deployment in resource-constrained environments. In this work, we propose an efficient and hardware-compatible token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Junzhu Mao , Yang Shen , Jinyang Guo , Yazhou Yao , Xiansheng Hua

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) on large-scale image-text pairs has achieved huge success for the cross-modal downstream tasks. The most existing pre-training methods mainly adopt a two-step training procedure, which firstly employs a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Haiyang Xu , Ming Yan , Chenliang Li , Bin Bi , Songfang Huang , Wenming Xiao , Fei Huang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enable efficient scaling of large language models by activating only a subset of parameters per input. However, existing MoE models suffer from two critical limitations: (1) inefficient token-to-expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jing Li , Zhijie Sun , Dachao Lin , Xuan He , Binfan Zheng , Yi Lin , Rongqian Zhao , Xin Chen

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have computational costs scaling quadratically with the number of tokens, calling for effective token pruning policies. Most existing policies are handcrafted, lacking adaptivity to varying inputs. Moreover, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Chenglong Lu , Shen Liang , Xuewei Wang , Wei Wang

Transformer-based methods have demonstrated strong potential in hyperspectral pansharpening by modeling long-range dependencies. However, their effectiveness is often limited by redundant token representations and a lack of multi-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Hongkun Jin , Hongcheng Jiang , Zejun Zhang , Yuan Zhang , Jia Fu , Tingfeng Li , Kai Luo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) suffer from high computational costs due to excessive visual tokens, particularly in high-resolution and video-based scenarios. Existing token reduction methods typically focus on isolated pipeline…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hanxun Yu , Wentong Li , Xuan Qu , Song Wang , Junbo Chen , Jianke Zhu

Existing vision tokenization isolates the optimization of vision tokenizers from downstream training, implicitly assuming the visual tokens can generalize well across various tasks, e.g., image generation and visual question answering. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wenxuan Wang , Fan Zhang , Yufeng Cui , Haiwen Diao , Zhuoyan Luo , Huchuan Lu , Jing Liu , Xinlong Wang

In the training and inference of spiking neural networks (SNNs), direct training and lightweight computation methods have been orthogonally developed, aimed at reducing power consumption. However, only a limited number of approaches have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Donghwa Kang , Youngmoon Lee , Eun-Kyu Lee , Brent Kang , Jinkyu Lee , Hyeongboo Baek

Vision transformers (ViTs) have emerged as a prevalent architecture for vision tasks owing to their impressive performance. However, when it comes to handling long token sequences, especially in dense prediction tasks that require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jin Li , Yaoming Wang , Xiaopeng Zhang , Bowen Shi , Dongsheng Jiang , Chenglin Li , Wenrui Dai , Hongkai Xiong , Qi Tian

Recently, vision transformer (ViT) and its variants have achieved promising performances in various computer vision tasks. Yet the high computational costs and training data requirements of ViTs limit their application in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Hao Yu , Jianxin Wu

Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) adapts a frozen Vision Transformer (ViT) to downstream tasks by inserting a small number of learnable prompt tokens into the token sequence at each layer. However, we observe that existing VPT variants often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Junze Wang , Lei Fan , Dezheng Zhang , Weipeng Jing , Donglin Di , Yang Song , Sidong Liu , Cong Cong

Continual learning can empower vision-language models to continuously acquire new knowledge, without the need for access to the entire historical dataset. However, mitigating the performance degradation in large-scale models is non-trivial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiazuo Yu , Yunzhi Zhuge , Lu Zhang , Ping Hu , Dong Wang , Huchuan Lu , You He

Active Visual Exploration (AVE) optimizes the utilization of robotic resources in real-world scenarios by sequentially selecting the most informative observations. However, modern methods require a high computational budget due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jan Olszewski , Dawid Rymarczyk , Piotr Wójcik , Mateusz Pach , Bartosz Zieliński

Recent token reduction methods for Vision Transformers (ViTs) incorporate token merging, which measures the similarities between token embeddings and combines the most similar pairs. However, their merging policies are directly dependent on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Dong Hoon Lee , Seunghoon Hong

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have excelled in computer vision tasks but are memory-consuming and computation-intensive, challenging their deployment on resource-constrained devices. To tackle this limitation, prior works have explored…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Huihong Shi , Xin Cheng , Wendong Mao , Zhongfeng Wang

Data mixing strategies (e.g., CutMix) have shown the ability to greatly improve the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). They mix two images as inputs for training and assign them with a mixed label with the same ratio.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Han Xiao , Wenzhao Zheng , Zheng Zhu , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

The computational cost of training multimodal large language models (MLLMs) grows rapidly with the number of processed tokens. Existing efficiency methods mainly target inference via token reduction or merging, offering limited benefits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Chaoyu Li , Yogesh Kulkarni , Pooyan Fazli

Video transformer models require huge amounts of compute resources due to the spatio-temporal scaling of the input. Tackling this, recent methods have proposed to drop or merge tokens for image models, whether randomly or via learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Sam Pollard , Michael Wray