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Video generation models (VGMs) have demonstrated the capability to synthesize high-quality output. It is important to understand their potential to produce unsafe content, such as violent or terrifying videos. In this work, we provide a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yan Pang , Aiping Xiong , Yang Zhang , Tianhao Wang

Social media platforms are being increasingly used by malicious actors to share unsafe content, such as images depicting sexual activity, cyberbullying, and self-harm. Consequently, major platforms use artificial intelligence (AI) and human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Mazal Bethany , Brandon Wherry , Nishant Vishwamitra , Peyman Najafirad

User-Generated Content (UGC) refers to any form of content, such as posts and images, created by users rather than by professionals. In recent years, UGC has become an essential part of the evolving video game industry, influencing both…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yuyue Liu , Haihan Duan , Wei Cai

The rising popularity of online User-Generated-Content (UGC) in the form of streamed and shared videos, has hastened the development of perceptual Video Quality Assessment (VQA) models, which can be used to help optimize their delivery.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Xiangxu Yu , Zhenqiang Ying , Neil Birkbeck , Yilin Wang , Balu Adsumilli , Alan C. Bovik

Image content safety has become a significant challenge with the rise of visual media on online platforms. Meanwhile, in the age of AI-generated content (AIGC), many image generation models are capable of producing harmful content, such as…

Text-conditioned image generation models have recently achieved astonishing results in image quality and text alignment and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. Since they are highly data-driven, relying on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Manuel Brack , Felix Friedrich , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting

Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as a unified paradigm for language and image generation. Compared with diffusion models, MLLMs possess a much stronger capability for semantic understanding, enabling them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ye Leng , Junjie Chu , Mingjie Li , Chenhao Lin , Chao Shen , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

With the widespread use of social media, user-generated content has surged on online platforms. When such content includes hateful, abusive, offensive, or cyberbullying behavior, it is classified as toxic speech, posing a significant threat…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Jiaxin Song , Xinyu Wang , Yihao Wang , Yifan Tang , Ru Zhang , Jianyi Liu , Gongshen Liu

The prevalence of short form video platforms, combined with the ineffectiveness of age verification mechanisms, raises concerns about the potential harms facing children and teenagers in an algorithm-moderated online environment. We…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haoning Xue , Brian Nishimine , Martin Hilbert , Drew Cingel , Samantha Vigil , Jane Shawcroft , Arti Thakur , Zubair Shafiq , Jingwen Zhang

The advancement of AI technologies, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has transformed computing while introducing new security and privacy risks. Prior research shows that cybercriminals are increasingly leveraging uncensored LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zilong Lin , Zichuan Li , Xiaojing Liao , XiaoFeng Wang

Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential for contextual understanding of both visual and textual information. However, their vulnerability to adversarially manipulated inputs presents significant risks, leading to compromised outputs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Xuefeng Du , Reshmi Ghosh , Robert Sim , Ahmed Salem , Vitor Carvalho , Emily Lawton , Yixuan Li , Jack W. Stokes

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly applied to identify unsafe or inappropriate images due to their internal ethical standards and powerful reasoning abilities. However, it is still unclear whether they can recognize various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yiting Qu , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

YouTube draws large number of users who contribute actively by uploading videos or commenting on existing videos. However, being a crowd sourced and large content pushed onto it, there is limited control over the content. This makes…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Rishabh Kaushal , Srishty Saha , Payal Bajaj , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Existing large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly and produce outstanding results in image generation tasks, yet their content safety checks remain vulnerable to prompt-based jailbreaks. Through preliminary testing on platforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Variath Madhupal Gautham Nair , Vishal Varma Dantuluri

With the rapid development of generative technology, current generative models can generate high-fidelity digital content and edit it in a controlled manner. However, there is a risk that malicious individuals might misuse these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Junjie Cao , Kaizhou Li , Xinchun Yu , Hongxiang Li , Xiaoping Zhang

Current image generation models can effortlessly produce high-quality, highly realistic images, but this also increases the risk of misuse. In various Text-to-Image or Image-to-Image tasks, attackers can generate a series of images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Hao Cheng , Erjia Xiao , Jiayan Yang , Jiahang Cao , Qiang Zhang , Jize Zhang , Kaidi Xu , Jindong Gu , Renjing Xu

Social media has exacerbated the promotion of Western beauty norms, leading to negative self-image, particularly in women and girls, and causing harm such as body dysmorphia. Increasingly content on the internet has been artificially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Tanvi Dinkar , Aiqi Jiang , Gavin Abercrombie , Ioannis Konstas

In e-commerce, product content, especially product images have a significant influence on a customer's journey from product discovery to evaluation and finally, purchase decision. Since many e-commerce retailers sell items from other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Shreyansh Gandhi , Samrat Kokkula , Abon Chaudhuri , Alessandro Magnani , Theban Stanley , Behzad Ahmadi , Venkatesh Kandaswamy , Omer Ovenc , Shie Mannor

The widespread dissemination of hate speech, harassment, harmful and sexual content, and violence across websites and media platforms presents substantial challenges and provokes widespread concern among different sectors of society.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Nouar AlDahoul , Myles Joshua Toledo Tan , Harishwar Reddy Kasireddy , Yasir Zaki

Vision-language models (VLMs) often inherit the biases and unsafe associations present within their large-scale training dataset. While recent approaches mitigate unsafe behaviors, their evaluation focuses on how safe the model is on unsafe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Moreno D'Incà , Elia Peruzzo , Xingqian Xu , Humphrey Shi , Nicu Sebe , Massimiliano Mancini
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