Related papers: Bayesian electron density determination from spars…
The simulation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images or diffraction patterns is often required to interpret their contrast and extract specimen features. This is especially true for high-resolution phase-contrast imaging of…
We describe a novel technique to characterize ultrashort electron bunches in X-ray Free-Electron Lasers. Namely, we propose to use coherent Optical Transition Radiation to measure three-dimensional (3D) electron density distributions. Our…
A commonly used measure to summarize the nature of a photon spectrum is the so-called Hardness Ratio, which compares the number of counts observed in different passbands. The hardness ratio is especially useful to distinguish between and…
The core theme of X-ray crystallography is reconstructing the electron density distribution of crystals under the constraints of observed diffraction data. Nevertheless, the reconstruction of electron density distribution by straightforward…
Dynamics of optically-excited plasmonic nanoparticles are presently understood as a series of sequential scattering events, involving thermalization processes after pulsed optical excitation. One important step is the initiation of…
We demonstrate the abilities of elastic x-ray scattering to yield information on dense matter with multiple ion species and on the microscopic mixing in dense materials. Based on partial structure factors from ab initio simulations, a novel…
What does the diffraction pattern from a single atom look like? How does it differ from the scattering from long range potential? With the development of new high-dynamic range pixel array detectors to measure the complete momentum…
Background: The ground state neutron density of a medium mass nucleus contains fundamental nuclear structure information and is at present relatively poorly known. Purpose: We explore if parity violating elastic electron scattering can…
A long-standing goal of science is to accurately solve the Schr\"odinger equation for large molecular systems. The poor scaling of current quantum chemistry algorithms on classical computers imposes an effective limit of about a few dozen…
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an invaluable technique for determining high-resolution three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules using transmission particle images. The inherent symmetry in these macromolecules…
X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) experiments have brought unique capabilities and opened new directions in research, such as creating new states of matter or directly measuring atomic motion. One such area is the ability to use finely…
According to the theory of quantum electrodynamics, photon-photon scattering can take place via exchange of virtual electron-positron pairs. Effectively, the interaction can be formulated in terms of non-linear corrections to Maxwell's…
The light we receive from distant astrophysical objects carries information about their origins and the physical mechanisms that power them. The study of these signals, however, is complicated by the fact that observations are often a…
We demonstrate that the matter density distribution in the surface region is determined well by the use of the relatively low-intensity beams that become available at the upcoming radioactive beam facilities. Following the method used in…
Nonlocal coordinate space optical potentials for the scattering of 65 MeV protons from nuclei ranging in mass from 6Li to 238U have been defined by folding a complex, medium dependent effective interaction with the density matrix elements…
As photon counting detectors are being explored for medical and industrial imaging applications, there is a critical need to understand spectral characteristics of scattered x-ray photons. Scattered radiation is detrimental to x-ray imaging…
We perform a Bayesian inference of the dense-matter equation of state (EOS) within a unified framework that incorporates hadronic matter, quark matter, and a smooth hadron-to-quark crossover. The EOS is constrained using physical…
Here we propose to exploit the low energy bandwidth, small wavelength and penetration power of ultrashort pulses from XFELs for resonant Small Angle Scattering (SAXS) on plasma structures in laser excited plasmas. Small angle scattering…
Spatial distributions of electrons ionized and scattered from ultra-low pressure gases are proposed and experimentally demonstrated as a method to directly measure the intensity of an ultra-high intensity laser pulse. Analytic models…
An optical method is suggested to determine the concentration of two-dimensional electrons in modulation-doped quantum wells at low and moderate electron densities between 10^{9} and 2x10^{11} cm^{-2}. The method is based on an analysis of…