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Low sample efficiency is an enduring challenge of reinforcement learning (RL). With the advent of versatile large language models (LLMs), recent works impart common-sense knowledge to accelerate policy learning for RL processes. However, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Fuxiang Zhang , Junyou Li , Yi-Chen Li , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu , Deheng Ye

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) often confronts challenges stemming from the heavy reliance on human annotators in the reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) framework, or the frequent and costly external queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shangding Gu , Alois Knoll , Ming Jin

Existing web-scale recommendation systems commonly use supervised learning methods that prioritize immediate user feedback. Although reinforcement learning (RL) offers a solution to optimize longer-term goals, such as in-session engagement,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Mehdi Ben Ayed , Fei Feng , Jay Adams , Vishwakarma Singh , Kritarth Anand , Jiajing Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are two powerful approaches for building autonomous agents. However, due to limited understanding of the game environment, agents often resort to inefficient exploration and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ziyu Chen , Zhiqing Xiao , Xinbei Jiang , Junbo Zhao

This paper explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for sequential recommendation, which predicts users' future interactions based on their past behavior. We introduce a new concept, "Integrating Recommendation Systems as a New…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Kai Zheng , Qingfeng Sun , Can Xu , Peng Yu , Qingwei Guo

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have fundamentally shifted recommender systems from discriminative to generative paradigms, where user behavior modeling is achieved by generating target items conditioned on historical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Junfei Tan , Yuxin Chen , An Zhang , Junguang Jiang , Bin Liu , Ziru Xu , Han Zhu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng , Xiang Wang

Existing Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models~(LLMs). While they achieve remarkable performance on challenging tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Huatong Song , Jinhao Jiang , Yingqian Min , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Ji-Rong Wen

Personalized content-based recommender systems have become indispensable tools for users to navigate through the vast amount of content available on platforms like daily news websites and book recommendation services. However, existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Qijiong Liu , Nuo Chen , Tetsuya Sakai , Xiao-Ming Wu

While reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved notable success in various domains, training effective policies for complex tasks remains challenging. Agents often converge to local optima and fail to maximize long-term rewards. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Heng Tan , Hua Yan , Yu Yang

In existing Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement (AVSE) methods, objectives such as Scale-Invariant Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SI-SNR) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) are widely used; however, they often correlate poorly with perceptual quality and…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Chih-Ning Chen , Jen-Cheng Hou , Hsin-Min Wang , Shao-Yi Chien , Yu Tsao , Fan-Gang Zeng

The correct specification of reward models is a well-known challenge in reinforcement learning. Hand-crafted reward functions often lead to inefficient or suboptimal policies and may not be aligned with user values. Reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Muhan Lin , Shuyang Shi , Yue Guo , Behdad Chalaki , Vaishnav Tadiparthi , Ehsan Moradi Pari , Simon Stepputtis , Joseph Campbell , Katia Sycara

Algorithmic trading requires short-term tactical decisions consistent with long-term financial objectives. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been applied to such problems, but adoption is limited by myopic behaviour and opaque policies. Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Adam Darmanin , Vince Vella

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become an effective paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) and visual generative models. However, its application in text-to-audio (TTA) generation remains largely under-explored. Prior work…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xiquan Li , Junxi Liu , Wenxi Chen , Haina Zhu , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen

Recommendation is crucial in both academia and industry, and various techniques are proposed such as content-based collaborative filtering, matrix factorization, logistic regression, factorization machines, neural networks and multi-armed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Feng Liu , Ruiming Tang , Xutao Li , Weinan Zhang , Yunming Ye , Haokun Chen , Huifeng Guo , Yuzhou Zhang

The functionality of Large Language Model (LLM) agents is primarily determined by two capabilities: action planning and answer summarization. The former, action planning, is the core capability that dictates an agent's performance. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhiwei Li , Yong Hu , Wenqing Wang

A long-standing challenge in developing accurate recommendation models is simulating user behavior, mainly due to the complex and stochastic nature of user interactions. Towards this, one promising line of work has been the use of Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Himanshu Thakur , Eshani Agrawal , Smruthi Mukund

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely used in training large language models (LLMs) for preventing unexpected outputs, eg reducing harmfulness and errors. However, existing RL methods mostly adopt the instance-level reward, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Junchen Wan , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Ji-Rong Wen

Simulating step-wise human behavior with Large Language Models (LLMs) has become an emerging research direction, enabling applications in various practical domains. While prior methods, including prompting, supervised fine-tuning (SFT), and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ziyi Wang , Yuxuan Lu , Yimeng Zhang , Jing Huang , Dakuo Wang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has proven effective in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, but gathering high-quality preference labels is expensive. RL from AI Feedback (RLAIF), introduced in…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents can leverage multiple turns and tools to solve complex tasks, with prompt-based approaches achieving strong performance. This work demonstrates that Reinforcement Learning (RL) can push capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Vivek Kalyan , Martin Andrews