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Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for automated code optimization but struggle without performance context. This work introduces Opal, a modular framework that connects performance analytics insights with the vast body of published…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mohammad Zaeed , Tanzima Z. Islam , Vladimir Inđić

Quantum computers are currently noisy, particularly without error correction and fault tolerance. Methods like error suppression and mitigation are widely used to improve performance. Circuit cutting, which partitions a circuit into smaller…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-03 Debasmita Bhoumik , Ritajit Majumdar , Amit Saha , Susmita Sur-Kolay

As recurrent neural networks become larger and deeper, training times for single networks are rising into weeks or even months. As such there is a significant incentive to improve the performance and scalability of these networks. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-08 Jeremy Appleyard , Tomas Kocisky , Phil Blunsom

An increasing variety of AI accelerators is being considered for large-scale training. However, enabling large-scale training on early-life AI accelerators faces three core challenges: frequent system disruptions and undefined failure modes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Lei Qu , Lianhai Ren , Peng Cheng , Rui Gao , Ruizhe Wang , Tianyu Chen , Xiao Liu , Xingjian Zhang , Yeyun Gong , Yifan Xiong , Yucheng Ding , Yuting Jiang , Zhenghao Lin , Zhongxin Guo , Ziyue Yang

Traditional end-to-end (E2E) training of deep networks necessitates storing intermediate activations for back-propagation, resulting in a large memory footprint on GPUs and restricted model parallelization. As an alternative, greedy local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Chengting Yu , Fengzhao Zhang , Hanzhi Ma , Aili Wang , Erping Li

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on consumer-grade GPUs is highly cost-effective, yet constrained by limited GPU memory and slow PCIe interconnects. Pipeline parallelism combined with CPU offloading mitigates these hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yibin Luo , Shiwei Gao , Huichuan Zheng , Youyou Lu , Jiwu Shu

Fine-tuning large language models is a popular choice among users trying to adapt them for specific applications. However, fine-tuning these models is a demanding task because the user has to examine several factors, such as resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Arjun Singh , Nikhil Pandey , Anup Shirgaonkar , Pavan Manoj , Vijay Aski

Tabular instruction tuning has emerged as a promising research direction for improving LLMs understanding of tabular data. However, the majority of existing works only consider question-answering and reasoning tasks over tabular data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Milad Abdollahzadeh , Abdul Raheem , Zilong Zhao , Uzair Javaid , Kevin Yee , Nalam Venkata Abhishek , Tram Truong-Huu , Biplab Sikdar

Deep learning (DL) shows its prosperity in a wide variety of fields. The development of a DL model is a time-consuming and resource-intensive procedure. Hence, dedicated GPU accelerators have been collectively constructed into a GPU…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Wei Gao , Qinghao Hu , Zhisheng Ye , Peng Sun , Xiaolin Wang , Yingwei Luo , Tianwei Zhang , Yonggang Wen

Improving the code generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) typically relies on supervised fine-tuning or preference optimization, both of which require costly external resources such as powerful teacher models or reliable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Huan Zhang , Wei Cheng , Wei Hu

Primal heuristics play a crucial role in exact solvers for Mixed Integer Programming (MIP). While solvers are guaranteed to find optimal solutions given sufficient time, real-world applications typically require finding good solutions early…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Antonia Chmiela , Elias B. Khalil , Ambros Gleixner , Andrea Lodi , Sebastian Pokutta

We propose an iterative programmatic planning (IPP) framework for solving grid-based tasks by synthesizing interpretable agent policies expressed in code using large language models (LLMs). Instead of relying on traditional search or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ashwath Vaithinathan Aravindan , Zhisheng Tang , Mayank Kejriwal

The exponential growth in demand for GPU computing resources has created an urgent need for automated CUDA optimization strategies. While recent advances in LLMs show promise for code generation, current SOTA models achieve low success…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiaoya Li , Xiaofei Sun , Albert Wang , Jiwei Li , Chris Shum

Large language models have led to state-of-the-art accuracies across a range of tasks. However, training these models efficiently is challenging for two reasons: a) GPU memory capacity is limited, making it impossible to fit large models on…

This paper investigates scaling laws for local SGD in LLM training, a distributed optimization algorithm that facilitates training on loosely connected devices. Through extensive experiments, we show that local SGD achieves competitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Qiaozhi He , Xiaomin Zhuang , Zhihua Wu

Automatic performance tuning (auto-tuning) is essential for optimizing high-performance applications, where vast and irregular search spaces make manual exploration infeasible. While auto-tuners traditionally rely on classical approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Floris-Jan Willemsen , Niki van Stein , Ben van Werkhoven

Large model training beyond tens of thousands of GPUs is an uncharted territory. At such scales, disruptions to the training process are not a matter of if, but a matter of when -- a stochastic process degrading training productivity.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Alicia Golden , Michael Kuchnik , Samuel Hsia , Zachary DeVito , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

Despite exceptional capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) still face deployment challenges due to their enormous size. Post-training structured pruning is a promising solution that prunes LLMs without the need for retraining, reducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Weizhong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Xiawu Zheng , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Automatic software system optimization can improve software speed, reduce operating costs, and save energy. Traditional approaches to optimization rely on manual tuning and compiler heuristics, limiting their ability to generalize across…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen great advance in both academia and industry, and their popularity results in numerous open-source frameworks and techniques in accelerating LLM pre-training, fine-tuning, and inference. Training and…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Longteng Zhang , Xiang Liu , Zeyu Li , Xinglin Pan , Peijie Dong , Ruibo Fan , Rui Guo , Xin Wang , Qiong Luo , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu