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Despite rapid advances in the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), they continue to struggle with following relatively simple and unambiguous instructions, particularly when compositional structure is involved. Recent work suggests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Prince Kumar , Rudra Murthy , Riyaz Bhat , Danish Contractor

Modern Machine Learning (ML) training on large-scale datasets is a very time-consuming workload. It relies on the optimization algorithm Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) due to its effectiveness, simplicity, and generalization performance.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Steve Rhyner , Haocong Luo , Juan Gómez-Luna , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Jiawei Jiang , Ataberk Olgun , Harshita Gupta , Ce Zhang , Onur Mutlu

Most parallel neural network training methods assume homogeneous computing resources. For example, synchronous data-parallel SGD suffers from significant synchronization overhead under heterogeneous workloads, often forcing practitioners to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jihyun Lim , Junhyuk Jo , Chanhyeok Ko , Young Min Go , Jimin Hwa , Sunwoo Lee

Large language models (LLMs) hold the promise of solving diverse tasks when provided with appropriate natural language prompts. However, prompting often leads models to make predictions with lower accuracy compared to finetuning a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Chenyang Zhao , Xueying Jia , Vijay Viswanathan , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig

We introduce a method for automatically selecting the path, or syllabus, that a neural network follows through a curriculum so as to maximise learning efficiency. A measure of the amount that the network learns from each data sample is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Alex Graves , Marc G. Bellemare , Jacob Menick , Remi Munos , Koray Kavukcuoglu

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) are showing promising impact in software development and programming assistance. However, these models struggle when operating on low-level backend code. This challenge is exacerbated in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Muhammad Usman Tariq , Abhinav Jangda , Angelica Moreira , Madan Musuvathi , Tyler Sorensen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success across diverse tasks, and fine-tuning is sometimes needed to further enhance generation quality. Most existing methods rely on human supervision or parameter retraining, both of which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhen-Yu Zhang , Jiandong Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various reasoning tasks, yet post-training is constrained by inefficient sample utilization and inflexible difficulty samples processing. To address these limitations,…

Tackling complex optimization problems often relies on expert-designed heuristics, typically crafted through extensive trial and error. Recent advances demonstrate that large language models (LLMs), when integrated into well-designed…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ziyao Huang , Weiwei Wu , Kui Wu , Jianping Wang , Wei-Bin Lee

CUDA kernel optimization has become a critical bottleneck for AI performance, as deep learning training and inference efficiency directly depends on highly optimized GPU kernels. Despite the promise of Large Language Models (LLMs) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ping Guo , Chenyu Zhu , Siyuan Chen , Fei Liu , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

This paper introduces a new C++/CUDA library for GPU-accelerated stochastic optimization called MPPI-Generic. It provides implementations of Model Predictive Path Integral control, Tube-Model Predictive Path Integral Control, and Robust…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Bogdan Vlahov , Jason Gibson , Manan Gandhi , Evangelos A. Theodorou

Instruction tuning has optimized the specialized capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but it often requires extensive datasets and prolonged training times. The challenge lies in developing specific capabilities by identifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Run Zou , Jianhang Ding , Yifan Ding , Wen Wu , Hao Chen , Renshu Gu

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) with limited hardware presents challenges due to GPU memory constraints. Various distributed fine-tuning methods have been proposed to alleviate memory constraints on GPU. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Taeho Kim , Yanming Wang , Vatshank Chaturvedi , Lokesh Gupta , Seyeon Kim , Yongin Kwon , Sangtae Ha

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Optimizing GPU kernels manually is a challenging and time-consuming task. With the rapid development of LLMs, automated GPU kernel optimization is gradually becoming a tangible reality. However, current LLM-driven automated optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuxuan Han , Meng-Hao Guo , Zhengning Liu , Wenguang Chen , Shi-Min Hu

We introduce Slam, a recipe for training high-quality Speech Language Models (SLMs) on a single academic GPU in 24 hours. We do so through empirical analysis of model initialisation and architecture, synthetic training data, preference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Gallil Maimon , Avishai Elmakies , Yossi Adi

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Carla Varela-Rosa , Suhaas Narayan , Chris Connelly , Albert Reuther

Due to the cost-prohibitive nature of training Large Language Models (LLMs), fine-tuning has emerged as an attractive alternative for specializing LLMs for specific tasks using limited compute resources in a cost-effective manner. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Yuchen Xia , Jiho Kim , Yuhan Chen , Haojie Ye , Souvik Kundu , Cong Hao , Nishil Talati

Recent advances in deep learning have drastically improved performance on many Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. However, the data used to train NLU models may contain private information such as addresses or phone numbers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Christophe Dupuy , Radhika Arava , Rahul Gupta , Anna Rumshisky

Actively secure arithmetic MPC is now practical for real applications, but performance and usability are still limited by framework-specific compilation stacks, the need for programmers to explicitly express parallelism, and high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Tianye Dai , Hammurabi Mendes , Heuichan Lim