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The reliable simulation of spin models is of critical importance to tackle complex optimization problems that are intractable on conventional computing machines. The recently introduced hyperspin machine, which is a network of linearly and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Claudio Conti

Optimisation problems, which appear in numerous fields of science and industry, are challenging to solve even with modern supercomputers. Many such problems can be mapped onto ground-state searches of spin Hamiltonians, implemented on…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-23 Rajneesh Fulara , Fabien Bretenaker , Vishwa Pal

Quantum annealing is an emerging metaheuristic used for solving combinatorial optimisation problems. However, hardware based physical quantum annealers are primarily limited to a single vendor. As an alternative, we can discretise the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-20 Ameya Bhave , Ajinkya Borle

Many combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are naturally expressed using variables that take on more than two discrete values. To solve such problems using Ising machines (IMs) - specialized analog or digital devices designed to solve…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-06 Robbe De Prins , Guy Van der Sande , Peter Bienstman , Thomas Van Vaerenbergh

Ising machines offer a compelling approach to addressing NP-hard problems, but physical realizations that are simultaneously scalable, reconfigurable, fast, and stable remain elusive. Quantum annealers, like D-Wave's cryogenic hardware,…

Classical or quantum physical systems can simulate the Ising Hamiltonian for large-scale optimization and machine learning. However, devices such as quantum annealers and coherent Ising machines suffer an exponential drop in the probability…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-09 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Claudio Conti

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) is a novel optical imaging technique by replacing the pixelated sensor array in a conventional camera with a single-pixel detector. In previous works, SPI is usually used for capturing object images or performing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Wei Huang , Jiaxiang Li , Shuming Jiao , Zibang Zhang

This article critically investigates the limitations of the simulated annealing algorithm using probabilistic bits (pSA) in solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. The study begins with an in-depth analysis of the pSA…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Naoya Onizawa , Takahiro Hanyu

We propose a post-processing variationally scheduled quantum algorithm (pVSQA) for solving constrained combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). COPs are typically transformed into ground-state search problems of the Ising model on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Tatsuhiko Shirai , Nozomu Togawa

We present a Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) derivation of the Independent Vector Analysis (IVA) algorithm, a blind source separation algorithm, by incorporating a prior over the demixing matrices, relying on a free-field model. In this way, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-17 Andreas Brendel , Thomas Haubner , Walter Kellermann

Energy barriers determine the dynamics in many physical systems like structural glasses, disordered spin systems or proteins. Here we present an approach, which is based on subdividing the configuration space in a hierarchical manner,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-11 C. Amoruso , A. K. Hartmann , M. A. Moore

We propose and demonstrate a nonlinear optics approach to emulate Ising machines containing up to a million spins and with tailored two and four-body interactions with all-to-all connections. It uses a spatial light modulator to encode and…

Optics · Physics 2020-10-21 Santosh Kumar , He Zhang , Yu-Ping Huang

Ising spin Hamiltonians are often used to encode a computational problem in their ground states. Quantum Annealing (QA) computing searches for such a state by implementing a slow time-dependent evolution from an easy-to-prepare initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-02 Bin Yan , Nikolai A. Sinitsyn

In this paper, the optimization of deploying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) over a reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs)-assisted visible light communication (VLC) system is studied. In the considered model, UAVs are required to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Yihan Cang , Ming Chen , Zhaohui Yang , Mingzhe Chen , Chongwen Huang

An Ising model is defined by a quadratic objective function known as the Hamiltonian, composed of spin variables that can take values of either $-1$ or $+1$. The goal is to assign spin values to these variables in a way that minimizes the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Shunsuke Tsukiyama , Koji Nakano , Xiaotian Li , Yasuaki Ito , Takumi Kato , Yuya Kawamata

Simulation has the potential to transform the development of robust algorithms for mobile agents deployed in safety-critical scenarios. However, the poor photorealism and lack of diverse sensor modalities of existing simulation engines…

Quantum annealers, coherent Ising machines and digital Ising machines for solving quantum-inspired optimization problems have been developing rapidly due to their near-term applications. The numerical solvers of the digital Ising machines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Langyu Li , Daoyi Dong , Yu Pan

From condensed matter to quantum chromodynamics, multidimensional spins are a fundamental paradigm, with a pivotal role in combinatorial optimization and machine learning. Machines formed by coupled parametric oscillators can simulate spin…

Optics · Physics 2022-11-29 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Claudio Conti

Determining properties of ground states of spin Hamiltonians remains a topic of central relevance connecting disciplines of mathematical, theoretical and applied physics. In the last few decades, ground state properties of physical systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Jacob Biamonte

The spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) [D. Pierangeli et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 213902 (2019)] is a promising optical architecture utilizing spatial light modulation for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-08-09 Hiroshi Yamashita , Ken-ichi Okubo , Suguru Shimomura , Yusuke Ogura , Jun Tanida , Hideyuki Suzuki