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Standard Transformers have a fixed computational depth, fundamentally limiting their ability to generalize to tasks requiring variable-depth reasoning, such as multi-hop graph traversal or nested logic. We propose a depth-recurrent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hung-Hsuan Chen

We present an open-source tool for manipulating Boolean circuits. It implements efficient algorithms, both existing and novel, for a rich variety of frequently used circuit tasks such as satisfiability, synthesis, and minimization. We…

Boolean reversible circuits are boolean circuits made of reversible elementary gates. Despite their constrained form, they can simulate any boolean function. The synthesis and validation of a reversible circuit simulating a given function…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Benoit Valiron

In this paper we show that there is a direct correspondence between quantum Boolean operations and certain forms of classical (non-quantum) logic known as Reed-Muller expansions. This allows us to readily convert Boolean circuits into their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-06 Ahmed Younes , Julian Miller

Circuit representation learning aims to obtain neural representations of circuit elements and has emerged as a promising research direction that can be applied to various EDA and logic reasoning tasks. Existing solutions, such as DeepGate,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Zhengyuan Shi , Hongyang Pan , Sadaf Khan , Min Li , Yi Liu , Junhua Huang , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Zhufei Chu , Qiang Xu

Quantum circuit Born machines are generative models which represent the probability distribution of classical dataset as quantum pure states. Computational complexity considerations of the quantum sampling problem suggest that the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-21 Jin-Guo Liu , Lei Wang

Two different algorithms are presented for generating a quantum circuit realization of a matrix representing a permutation on $2^n$ letters. All circuits involve $n$ qubits and only use multi--controlled Toffoli gates. The first algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Jason Hanson

With the development of quantum hardware bringing the error-corrected quantum circuits to the near future, the lack of an efficient polynomial-time decoding algorithms for logical circuits presents a critical bottleneck. While quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Yiqing Zhou , Chao Wan , Yichen Xu , Jin Peng Zhou , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Eun-Ah Kim

The process of translating a quantum algorithm into a form suitable for implementation on a quantum computing platform is crucial but yet challenging. This entails specifying quantum operations with precision, a typically intricate task. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 M. Zomorodi , H. Amini , M. Abbaszadeh , J. Sohrabi , V. Salari , P. Plawiak

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at factual retrieval, they often struggle with the "curse of two-hop reasoning" in compositional tasks. Recent research suggests that parameter-sharing transformers can bridge this gap by forming a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Kaiyu He , Zhang Mian , Peilin Wu , Xinya Du , Zhiyu Chen

A school of thought contends that human decision making exhibits quantum-like logic. While it is not known whether the brain may indeed be driven by actual quantum mechanisms, some researchers suggest that the decision logic is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-10 Alex Bocharov , Michael Freedman , Eshan Kemp , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore

Predicting the output of quantum circuits is a hard computational task that plays a pivotal role in the development of universal quantum computers. Here we investigate the supervised learning of output expectation values of random quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-01 S. Cantori , D. Vitali , S. Pilati

In this paper we propose a new approach to quantum neural networks. Our multi-layer architecture avoids the use of measurements that usually emulate the non-linear activation functions which are characteristic of the classical neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-30 Viet Pham Ngoc , Herbert Wiklicky

This paper proposes a method of transferring physical continuous and switching/converter circuits working in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) to graph representation, independent of the connection or…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-10 Ahmed K. Khamis , Mohammed Agamy

Background: Neuro-symbolic methods enhance the reliability of neural network classifiers through logical constraints, but they lack native support for ontologies. Objectives: We aim to develop a neuro-symbolic method that reliably outputs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Nicolas Lazzari , Valentina Presutti , Antonio Vergari

Tools capable of automatic code generation have the potential to augment programmer's capabilities. While straightforward code retrieval is incorporated into many IDEs, an emerging area is explicit code generation. Code generation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Carlos Gemmell , Federico Rossetto , Jeffrey Dalton

We propose a novel, fully explainable neural approach to synthesis of combinatorial logic circuits from input-output examples. The carrying advantage of our method is that it readily extends to inductive scenarios, where the set of examples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Peter Belcak , Roger Wattenhofer

In Transformer architectures, tokens\textemdash discrete units derived from raw data\textemdash are formed by segmenting inputs into fixed-length chunks. Each token is then mapped to an embedding, enabling parallel attention computations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenglun Kong , Yize Li , Fanhu Zeng , Lei Xin , Shvat Messica , Xue Lin , Pu Zhao , Manolis Kellis , Hao Tang , Marinka Zitnik

Most neural networks utilize the same amount of compute for every example independent of the inherent complexity of the input. Further, methods that adapt the amount of computation to the example focus on finding a fixed inference-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Ankur Bapna , Naveen Arivazhagan , Orhan Firat

Looped Transformers have emerged as an efficient and powerful class of models for reasoning in the language domain. Recent studies show that these models achieve strong performance on algorithmic and reasoning tasks, suggesting that looped…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ahmadreza Jeddi , Marco Ciccone , Babak Taati