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Large language models (LLMs), such as LLaMA, Alpaca, Vicuna, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, have advanced the performance of AI systems on various natural language processing tasks to human-like levels. However, their generalisation and robustness when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Qiming Bao , Gael Gendron , Alex Yuxuan Peng , Wanjun Zhong , Neset Tan , Yang Chen , Michael Witbrock , Jiamou Liu

Despite great progress, existing multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are prone to visual hallucination, greatly impeding their trustworthy applications. In this paper, we study this problem from the perspective of visual-spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Qiong Wu , Xiangcong Yang , Yiyi Zhou , Chenxin Fang , Baiyang Song , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

We present GLM-4.1V-Thinking, GLM-4.5V, and GLM-4.6V, a family of vision-language models (VLMs) designed to advance general-purpose multimodal understanding and reasoning. In this report, we share our key findings in the development of the…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show promising results for embodied agents in operating meaningfully in complex, human-centered environments. Yet, evaluating their capacity for nuanced, human-like reasoning and decision-making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhe Hu , Yixiao Ren , Guanzhong Liu , Jing Li , Yu Yin

With the rapid advancement of mathematical reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), AI systems are increasingly being adopted in educational settings to support students' comprehension of problem-solving processes. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jaewoo Park , Jungyang Park , Dongju Jang , Jiwan Chung , Byungwoo Yoo , Jaewoo Shin , Seonjoon Park , Taehyeong Kim , Youngjae Yu

Existing synthetic datasets (FigureQA, DVQA) for reasoning over plots do not contain variability in data labels, real-valued data, or complex reasoning questions. Consequently, proposed models for these datasets do not fully address the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Nitesh Methani , Pritha Ganguly , Mitesh M. Khapra , Pratyush Kumar

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, evaluating their comprehensive capabilities becomes significant for their application in various fields. This research study comprehensively evaluates the language, vision, speech, and…

We explore the abstract reasoning abilities of text-only and multimodal versions of GPT-4, using the ConceptARC benchmark [10], which is designed to evaluate robust understanding and reasoning with core-knowledge concepts. We extend the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Melanie Mitchell , Alessandro B. Palmarini , Arseny Moskvichev

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive progress on vision language benchmarks, yet their capacity for visual cognitive and visuospatial reasoning remains less understood. We introduce "Mind's Eye", a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Rohit Sinha , Aditya Kanade , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Vineeth N Balasubramanian , Tanuja Ganu

Many vision and language tasks require commonsense reasoning beyond data-driven image and natural language processing. Here we adopt Visual Question Answering (VQA) as an example task, where a system is expected to answer a question in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Somak Aditya , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to integrate visual and linguistic information, achieving near-human proficiency in tasks like object recognition, captioning, and visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhikai Wang , Jiashuo Sun , Wenqi Zhang , Zhiqiang Hu , Xin Li , Fan Wang , Deli Zhao

Recent advances in multimodal vision and language modeling have predominantly focused on the English language, mostly due to the lack of multilingual multimodal datasets to steer modeling efforts. In this work, we address this gap and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jonas Pfeiffer , Gregor Geigle , Aishwarya Kamath , Jan-Martin O. Steitz , Stefan Roth , Ivan Vulić , Iryna Gurevych

Understanding the mechanisms behind Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for designing improved models and strategies. While recent studies have yielded valuable insights into the mechanisms of textual LLMs, the mechanisms of Multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zeping Yu , Sophia Ananiadou

Current large language models (LLMs) struggle to answer questions that span tens of thousands of tokens, especially when multi-hop reasoning is involved. While prior benchmarks explore long-context comprehension or multi-hop reasoning in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Abhay Gupta , Michael Lu , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma

Knowledge-intensive visual question answering (VQA) requires external knowledge beyond image content, demanding precise visual grounding and coherent integration of visual and textual information. Although multimodal retrieval-augmented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Changin Choi , Wonseok Lee , Jungmin Ko , Wonjong Rhee

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress on vision-language tasks, yet their reasoning processes remain sometimes unreliable. We introduce PRISM-Bench, a benchmark of puzzle-based visual challenges designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yusu Qian , Cheng Wan , Chao Jia , Yinfei Yang , Qingyu Zhao , Zhe Gan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show reasoning promise, yet their visual perception is a critical bottleneck. Strikingly, MLLMs can produce correct answers even while misinterpreting crucial visual elements, masking these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Aditya Kanade , Tanuja Ganu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are designed to process and integrate information from multiple sources, such as text, speech, images, and videos. Despite its success in language understanding, it is critical to evaluate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Hao Lu , Xuesong Niu , Jiyao Wang , Yin Wang , Qingyong Hu , Jiaqi Tang , Yuting Zhang , Kaishen Yuan , Bin Huang , Zitong Yu , Dengbo He , Shuiguang Deng , Hao Chen , Yingcong Chen , Shiguang Shan

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have recently shown significant advancements in video understanding, especially in feature alignment, event reasoning, and instruction-following tasks. However, their capability for counterfactual reasoning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yuefei Chen , Jiang Liu , Xiaodong Lin , Ruixiang Tang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been increasingly applied in real-world scenarios due to their outstanding understanding and reasoning capabilities. Although VLMs have already demonstrated impressive capabilities in common visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuechen Xie , Xiaoyan Zhang , Yicheng Shan , Hao Zhu , Rui Tang , Rong Wei , Mingli Song , Yuanyu Wan , Jie Song