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Foundation models have demonstrated remarkable success across various scientific domains, motivating our exploration of their potential in solar physics. In this paper, we present Solaris, the first foundation model for forecasting the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-26 Harris Abdul Majid , Pietro Sittoni , Francesco Tudisco

In this paper, we analyze the impact of information freshness on supervised learning based forecasting. In these applications, a neural network is trained to predict a time-varying target (e.g., solar power), based on multiple correlated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Md Kamran Chowdhury Shisher , Heyang Qin , Lei Yang , Feng Yan , Yin Sun

Owing to the growing concern of global warming and over-dependence on fossil fuels, there has been a huge interest in last years in the deployment of Photovoltaic (PV) systems for generating electricity. The output power of a PV array…

Applications · Statistics 2018-07-18 Soumyabrata Dev , Tarek AlSkaif , Murhaf Hossari , Radu Godina , Atse Louwen , Wilfried van Sark

Smooth power generation from solar stations demand accurate, reliable and efficient forecast of solar energy for optimal integration to cater market demand; however, the implicit instability of solar energy production may cause serious…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-12-02 Farah Shahid , Aneela Zameer , Mudasser Afzal , Muhammad Hassan

Due to the rise in the use of renewable energies as an alternative to traditional ones, and especially solar energy, there is increasing interest in studying how to address photovoltaic forecasting in the face of the challenge of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Ines Montoya-Espinagosa , Antonio Agudo

The data acquisition of solar radiation in a locality is essential for the development of efficient designs of systems, whose operation is based on solar energy. This paper presents a methodology to estimate solar irradiance using an…

The continuous improvement in weather forecast skill over the past several decades is largely due to the increasing quantity of available satellite observations and their assimilation into operational forecast systems. Assimilating these…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Lucas Howard , Aneesh C. Subramanian , Gregory Thompson , Benjamin Johnson , Thomas Auligne

Reliable forecasting of Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) is essential for mitigating the variability of solar energy in power grids. This study presents a comprehensive benchmark of ten deep learning architectures for short-term (1-hour…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Tin Hoang

This study predicts hourly solar irradiance components, Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), and Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI) using meteorological data to forecast solar energy output in Ibadan,…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-12 Obarotu Peter Urhuerhi , Christopher Udomboso , Caston Sigauke

The solar interior is probed by the properties of the Sun's acoustic oscillations (p-modes) observed on the solar surface. The frequencies of these p-modes measured in the last three decades show long term variation similar to the 11 year…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-23 Rekha Jain , Akash Kumar , Sushanta C. Tripathy

With the recent interest in net-zero sustainability for commercial buildings, integration of photovoltaic (PV) assets becomes even more important. This integration remains a challenge due to high solar variability and uncertainty in the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Chaitanya Poolla , Abraham K. Ishihara

Current solar flare predictions often lack precise quantification of their reliability, resulting in frequent false alarms, particularly when dealing with datasets skewed towards extreme events. To improve the trustworthiness of space…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-10 Jinsu Hong , Chetraj Pandey , Berkay Aydin

Nowadays, with the unprecedented penetration of renewable distributed energy resources (DERs), the necessity of an efficient energy forecasting model is more demanding than before. Generally, forecasting models are trained using observed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-18 Hossein Sangrody , Morteza Sarailoo , Ning Zhou , Ahmad Shokrollahi , Elham Foruzan

To address the high levels of uncertainty associated with photovoltaic energy, an increasing number of studies focusing on short-term solar forecasting (i.e. nowcasting) have been published. Most of these studies use deep-learning-based…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Lorenzo F. C. Varaschin , Danilo Silva

Clearsky models are widely used in solar energy for many applications such as quality control, resource assessment, satellite-base irradiance estimation and forecasting. However, their use in forecasting and nowcasting is associated with a…

The output of solar power generation is significantly dependent on the available solar radiation. Thus, with the proliferation of PV generation in the modern power grid, forecasting of solar irradiance is vital for proper operation of the…

Applications · Statistics 2022-09-05 Kwasi Opoku , Svetlana Lucemo , Qun Zhou Sun , Aleksandar Dimitrovski

For a "reference day" of minimal solar activity between cycles 23 and 24 we compute the brightness temperature from solar spectral irradiance for each wavelength. We consider small variations of irradiance and temperature about the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 Robert F. Cahalan , Paulino Ajiquichi , Gaspar Yataz

Design and operation of a utility scale photovoltaic (PV) power plant depends on accurate modeling of the power generated, which is highly correlated with aggregate solar irradiance on the plant's PV modules. At present, aggregate solar…

Applications · Statistics 2015-02-17 Joshua Patrick , Jane Harvill , Clifford Hansen

We present a novel approach to perform ground-based estimation and prediction of the surface solar irradiance with the view to predicting photovoltaic energy production. We propose the use of mini-batch k-means clustering to extract…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Mehdi Zakroum , Mounir Ghogho , Mustapha Faqir , Mohamed Aymane Ahajjam

Clouds cast shadows on the surface and locally enhance solar irradiance by absorbing and scattering sunlight, resulting in fast and large solar irradiance fluctuations on the surface. Typical spatiotemporal scales and driving mechanisms of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-03-09 Wouter Mol , Bart van Stratum , Wouter Knap , Chiel van Heerwaarden