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Recent advances in data assimilation (DA) have focused on developing more flexible approaches that can better accommodate nonlinearities in models and observations. However, it remains unclear how the performance of these advanced methods…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Zixiang Xiong , Siming Liang , Feng Bao , Guannan Zhang , Hristo G. Chipilski

The filtering distribution in hidden Markov models evolves according to the law of a mean-field model in state-observation space. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approximates this mean-field model with an ensemble of interacting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-25 Eviatar Bach , Ricardo Baptista , Edoardo Calvello , Bohan Chen , Andrew Stuart

We study the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) algorithm for sequential data assimilation in a general situation, that is, for nonlinear forecast and measurement models with non-additive and non-Gaussian noises. Such applications traditionally…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-17 Weixuan Li , W. Steven Rosenthal , Guang Lin

Accurate data assimilation (DA) for systems with piecewise-smooth or discontinuous state variables remains a significant challenge, as conventional covariance-based ensemble Kalman filter approaches often fail to effectively balance…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Tongtong Li , Anne Gelb , Yoonsang Lee

We propose a new type of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), which uses the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for covariance estimation from a very small ensemble with automatic tapering, and for a fast computation of the analysis ensemble by…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2011-08-01 Jan Mandel , Jonathan D. Beezley , Volodymyr Y. Kondratenko

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a recursive filter suitable for problems with a large number of variables, such as discretizations of partial differential equations in geophysical models. The EnKF originated as a version of the Kalman…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-01-26 Jan Mandel

This paper develops efficient ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) implementations based on shrinkage covariance estimation. The forecast ensemble members at each step are used to estimate the background error covariance matrix via the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-03 Elias D. Nino-Ruiz , Adrian Sandu

This paper presents the machine learning-based ensemble conditional mean filter (ML-EnCMF) -- a filtering method based on the conditional mean filter (CMF) previously introduced in the literature. The updated mean of the CMF matches that of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Truong-Vinh Hoang , Sebastian Krumscheid , Hermann G. Matthies , Raúl Tempone

The intersection between classical data assimilation methods and novel machine learning techniques has attracted significant interest in recent years. Here we explore another promising solution in which diffusion models are used to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Feng Bao , Hristo G. Chipilski , Siming Liang , Guannan Zhang , Jeffrey S. Whitaker

The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) was introduced by Evensen in 1994 [10] as a novel method for data assimilation: state estimation for noisily observed time-dependent problems. Since that time it has had enormous impact in many application…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-04-08 Marco A. Iglesias , Kody J. H. Law , Andrew M. Stuart

An online Data Assimilation strategy based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is used to improve the predictive capabilities of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for the analysis of the turbulent flow in a plane channel, $Re_\tau \approx 550$.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-10-30 Lucas Villanueva , Karine Truffin , Marcello Meldi

The ensemble Kalman filter is a well-known and celebrated data assimilation algorithm. It is of particular relevance as it used for high-dimensional problems, by updating an ensemble of particles through a sample mean and covariance…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Neil K. Chada

Parameter estimation has a high importance in the geosciences. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) allows parameter estimation for large, time-dependent systems. For large systems, the EnKF is applied using small ensembles, which may lead to…

Applications · Statistics 2021-08-05 Johannes Keller , Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen , Wolfgang Nowak

Data assimilation combines information from models, measurements, and priors to estimate the state of a dynamical system such as the atmosphere. The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a family of ensemble-based data assimilation approaches…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Ahmed Attia , Adrian Sandu

Data assimilation techniques, such as ensemble Kalman filtering, have been shown to be a highly effective and efficient way to combine noisy data with a mathematical model to track and forecast dynamical systems. However, when dealing with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-05-17 Stephen A Falconer , David J. B. Lloyd , Naratip Santitissadeekorn

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a widely used methodology for state estimation in partial, noisily observed dynamical systems, and for parameter estimation in inverse problems. Despite its widespread use in the geophysical sciences,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-09-21 Claudia Schillings , Andrew M. Stuart

A physics-based methodology for the determination of the localization function for the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is proposed. The spatial features of such function evolve dynamically over time according to the relevant instantaneous…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-13 Sarp Er , Marcello Meldi

This work introduces a new, distributed implementation of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) that allows for non-sequential assimilation of large datasets in high-dimensional problems. The traditional EnKF algorithm is computationally…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-23 Cédric Travelletti , Jörg Franke , David Ginsbourger , Stefan Brönnimann

Data assimilation (DA) plays a pivotal role in diverse applications, ranging from climate predictions and weather forecasts to trajectory planning for autonomous vehicles. A prime example is the widely used ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF),…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-01-03 Mohamad Abed El Rahman Hammoud , Naila Raboudi , Edriss S. Titi , Omar Knio , Ibrahim Hoteit

An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF)-based mixed model (EnKF-MM) is proposed for the subgrid-scale (SGS) closure in the large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulence. The model coefficients are determined through the EnKF-based data assimilation…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-08-16 Yunpeng Wang , Zelong Yuan , Jianchun Wang