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Data assimilation (DA) is a key component of many forecasting models in science and engineering. DA allows one to estimate better initial conditions using an imperfect dynamical model of the system and noisy/sparse observations available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Ashesh Chattopadhyay , Ebrahim Nabizadeh , Eviatar Bach , Pedram Hassanzadeh

Data assimilation (DA) integrates numerical model forecasts with observations to achieve the optimal state estimation. Ensemble-based methods, such as the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), are widely used for state estimation for…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Zhou Yao , Zhilin Li , Li Zhao , Zeng Liu , Zhaokuan Lu , Seungnam Kim , Guangyao Wang

Ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) methods have become increasingly popular due to their inherent ability to address nonlinear dynamic problems. However, these methods often face a trade-off between analysis accuracy and computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhilin Li , Zhou Yao , Xianglong Li , Zeng Liu , Zhaokuan Lu , Shanlin Xu , Seungnam Kim , Guangyao Wang

Ensemble data assimilation methods such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are a key component of probabilistic weather forecasting. They represent the uncertainty in the initial conditions by an ensemble which incorporates information…

Applications · Statistics 2018-10-17 Sylvain Robert , Daniel Leuenberger , Hans R. Künsch

Data assimilation plays a key role in large-scale atmospheric weather forecasting, where the state of the physical system is estimated from model outputs and observations, and is then used as initial condition to produce accurate future…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-13 Azam Moosavi , Ahmed Attia , Adrian Sandu

Data assimilation (DA) aims to optimally combine model forecasts and observations that are both partial and noisy. Multi-model DA generalizes the variational or Bayesian formulation of the Kalman filter, and we prove that it is also the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-23 Eviatar Bach , Michael Ghil

Ensemble methods such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are widely used for data assimilation in large-scale geophysical applications, as for example in numerical weather prediction (NWP). There is a growing interest for physical models…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-01 Sylvain Robert , Hans R. Künsch

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), as a fundamental data assimilation approach, has been widely used in many fields of the sciences and engineering. When the state variable is of high dimensional accompanied with high resolution…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-18 Shouxia Wang , Hao-Xuan Sun , Song Xi Chen

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a data assimilation technique that uses an ensemble of models, updated with data, to track the time evolution of a usually non-linear system. It does so by using an empirical approximation to the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-12 Elizabeth Hou , Earl Lawrence , Alfred O. Hero

Data assimilation is concerned with sequentially estimating a temporally-evolving state. This task, which arises in a wide range of scientific and engineering applications, is particularly challenging when the state is high-dimensional and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-21 Yuming Chen , Daniel Sanz-Alonso , Rebecca Willett

Data assimilation (DA) for compressible flows with shocks is challenging because many classical DA methods generate spurious oscillations and nonphysical features near uncertain shocks. We focus here on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). We…

Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is an important data assimilation method for high dimensional geophysical systems. Efficient implementation of EnKF in practice often involves the localization technique, which updates each component using only…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-04 Xin T. Tong

We present a new type of the EnKF for data assimilation in spatial models that uses diagonal approximation of the state covariance in the wavelet space to achieve adaptive localization. The efficiency of the new method is demonstrated on an…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-03-01 Jonathan D. Beezley , Jan Mandel , Loren Cobb

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is widely used for data assimilation in high-dimensional systems, but its performance often deteriorates for strongly nonlinear dynamics due to the structural mismatch between the Kalman update and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Xin T. Tong , Yanyan Wang , Liang Yan

Data assimilation is a method of uncertainty quantification to estimate the hidden true state by updating the prediction owing to model dynamics with observation data. As a prediction model, we consider a class of nonlinear dynamical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Kota Takeda , Takashi Sakajo

Although data assimilation originates from control theory, the relationship between modern data assimilation methods in geoscience and model predictive control has not been extensively explored. In the present paper, I discuss that the…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-10-21 Yohei Sawada

This paper presents an approach for employing artificial neural networks (NN) to emulate an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) as a method of data assimilation. The assimilation methods are tested in the Simplified Parameterizations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-17 Rosangela S. Cintra , Haroldo F. de Campos Velho

We explore the potential of Data-Assimilation (DA) within the multi-scale framework of a shell model of turbulence, with a focus on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). The central objective is to understand how measuring mesoscales (i.e.,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-15 Francesco Fossella , Luca Biferale , Alberto Carrassi , Massimo Cencini , Vikrant Gupta

Contemporary data assimilation often involves more than a million prediction variables. Ensemble Kalman filters (EnKF) have been developed by geoscientists. They are successful indispensable tools in science and engineering, because they…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-26 Andrew J. Majda , Xin T. Tong

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) (Evensen, 2009) has proven effective in quantifying uncertainty in a number of challenging dynamic, state estimation, or data assimilation, problems such as weather forecasting and ocean modeling. In these…

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