Related papers: Discrete Painlev\'e equations and pencils of quadr…

In this paper we extend the novel approach to discrete Painlev\'e equations initiated in our previous work [2]. A classification scheme for discrete Painlev\'e equations proposed by Sakai interprets them as birational isomorphisms between…

Discrete Painlev\'e equations are integrable two-dimensional birational maps associated to a family of generalized Halphen surfaces. The latter can be seen either as $\mathbb P^2$ blown up at nine points or as $\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^1$…

Discrete Painlev\'e equations are nonlinear, nonautonomous difference equations of second-order. They have coefficients that are explicit functions of the independent variable $n$ and there are three different types of equations according…

We consider several examples of nonautonomous systems of difference equations coming from semi-classical orthogonal polynomials via recurrence coefficients and ladder operators, with respect to various generalisations of Laguerre and…

This paper concerns the discrete version of the Painlev\'e identification problem, i.e., how to recognize a certain recurrence relation as a discrete Painlev\'e equation. Often some clues can be seen from the setting of the problem, e.g.,…

It is known that discrete Painlev\'e equations have symmetries of the affine Weyl groups. In this paper we propose a new representation of discrete Painlev\'e equations in which the symmetries become clearly visible. We know how to obtain…

Folding transformation of the Painlev\'e equations is an algebraic (of degree greater than 1) transformation between solutions of different equations. In 2005 Tsuda, Okamoto and Sakai classified folding transformations of differential…

We present a systematic method for the construction of discrete Painlev\'e equations. The method, dubbed `restoration', allows one to obtain all discrete Painlev\'e equations that share a common autonomous limit, up to homographic…

We constructed involutions for a Halphen pencil of index 2, and proved that the birational mapping corresponding to the autonomous reduction of the elliptic Painlev\'e equation for the same pencil can be obtained as the composition of two…

In this note, we review the notion of Painlev\'e scheme of the sixth Painlev\'e equation from the viewpoint of accessible singular point and its local index in the Hirzebruch surface of degree two ${\Sigma_2}$. The key method is Painlev\'e…

Although the theory of discrete Painlev\'e (dP) equations is rather young, more and more examples of such equations appear in interesting and important applications. Thus, it is essential to be able to recognize these equations, to be able…

We express discrete Painlev\'e equations as discrete Hamiltonian systems. The discrete Hamiltonian systems here mean the canonical transformations defined by generating functions. Our construction relies on the classification of the…

Over the last decade it has become clear that discrete Painlev\'e equations appear in a wide range of important mathematical and physical problems. Thus, the question of recognizing a given non-autonomous recurrence as a discrete Painlev\'e…

The discrete Painlev\'e I equation (dP$\rm_I$) is an integrable difference equation which has the classical first Painlev\'e equation (P$\rm_I$) as a continuum limit. dP$\rm_I$ is believed to be integrable because it is the discrete…

A 3 dimensional analogue of Sakai's theory concerning the relation between rational surfaces and discrete Painlev\'e equations is studied. For a family of rational varieties obtained by blow-ups at 8 points in general position in ${\mathbb…

The sixth Painlev\'e equation is a basic equation among the non-linear differential equations with three fixed singularities, corresponding to Gauss's hypergeometric differential equation among the linear differential equations. It is known…

In this paper, we describe the non-commutative formal geometry underlying a certain class of discrete integrable systems. Our main example is a non-commutative analog, labeled $q$-P$(A_3)$, of the sixth $q$-Painlev\'e equation. The system…

We present a simple heuristic method to derive the Painlev\'e differential equations from the corresponding geometry of rational surafces. We also give a direct relationship between the cubic pencils and Seiberg-Witten curves.

Since the classification of discrete Painlev\'e equations in terms of rational surfaces, there has been much interest in the range of integrable equations arising from each of the 22 surface types in Sakai's list. For all but the most…

In this paper we propose a geometric approach to study Painlev\'e equations appearing as constrained systems of three first-order ordinary differential equations. We illustrate this approach on a system of three first-order differential…