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Related papers: Causality from Bottom to Top: A Survey

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We review some approaches and philosophies of causal inference coming from sociology, economics, computer science, cognitive science, and statistics

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-04-02 Andrew Gelman

It has been said, arguably, that causality analysis should pave a promising way to interpretable deep learning and generalization. Incorporation of causality into artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, however, is challenged with its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-22 X. San Liang , Dake Chen , Renhe Zhang

Causal reasoning is a crucial part of science and human intelligence. In order to discover causal relationships from data, we need structure discovery methods. We provide a review of background theory and a survey of methods for structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Matthew J. Vowels , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

Causality is a non-obvious concept that is often considered to be related to temporality. In this paper we present a number of past and present approaches to the definition of temporality and causality from philosophical, physical, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-07-16 Kamran Karimi

In social sciences and economics, causal inference traditionally focuses on assessing the impact of predefined treatments (or interventions) on predefined outcomes, such as the effect of education programs on earnings. Causal discovery, in…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-12 Martin Huber

Effective and reliable evaluation is essential for advancing empirical machine learning. However, the increasing accessibility of generalist models and the progress towards ever more complex, high-level tasks make systematic evaluation more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Felix Leeb , Zhijing Jin , Bernhard Schölkopf

Modern Artificial Intelligence achieves remarkable predictive power by optimizing statistical risk functionals over vast corpora. Yet a gap separates this from genuine intelligence: the inability to distinguish correlation from causation.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Ernest Fokoué

Much of our experiments are designed to uncover the cause(s) and effect(s) behind a data generating mechanism (i.e., phenomenon) we happen to be interested in. Uncovering such relationships allows us to identify the true working of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 M. Z. Naser

It is crucial to consider the social and ethical consequences of AI and ML based decisions for the safe and acceptable use of these emerging technologies. Fairness, in particular, guarantees that the ML decisions do not result in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Rūta Binkytė-Sadauskienė , Karima Makhlouf , Carlos Pinzón , Sami Zhioua , Catuscia Palamidessi

Inference of causal relations from data now has become an important field in artificial intelligence. During the past 16 years, causality analysis (in a quantitative sense) has been developed independently in physics from first principles.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-03 X. San Liang

Causal inference is a critical research topic across many domains, such as statistics, computer science, education, public policy and economics, for decades. Nowadays, estimating causal effect from observational data has become an appealing…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-10 Liuyi Yao , Zhixuan Chu , Sheng Li , Yaliang Li , Jing Gao , Aidong Zhang

A data science task can be deemed as making sense of the data or testing a hypothesis about it. The conclusions inferred from data can greatly guide us to make informative decisions. Big data has enabled us to carry out countless prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Wenhao Zhang , Ramin Ramezani , Arash Naeim

To make effective decisions, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the causal relationships among actions, environments, and outcomes. This review aims to surface three crucial aspects of decision-making through a causal lens:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-22 Lin Ge , Hengrui Cai , Runzhe Wan , Yang Xu , Rui Song

Causality and causal inference have emerged as core research areas at the interface of modern statistics and domains including biomedical sciences, social sciences, computer science, and beyond. The field's inherently interdisciplinary…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-26 Carlos Cinelli , Avi Feller , Guido Imbens , Edward Kennedy , Sara Magliacane , Jose Zubizarreta

Causality understanding between events is a critical natural language processing task that is helpful in many areas, including health care, business risk management and finance. On close examination, one can find a huge amount of textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Vivek Khetan , Roshni Ramnani , Mayuresh Anand , Shubhashis Sengupta , Andrew E. Fano

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly influences decisions in critical societal sectors, understanding and establishing causality becomes essential for evaluating the fairness of automated systems. This article explores the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Ruta Binkyte , Ljupcho Grozdanovski , Sami Zhioua

Causal theory is now widely developed with many applications to medicine and public health. However within the discipline of reliability, although causation is a key concept in this field, there has been much less theoretical attention. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Xuewen Yu , Jim Q. Smith , Linda Nichols

Causality is omnipresent in scientists' verbalisations of their understanding, even though we have no formal consensual scientific definition for it. In Automata Networks, it suffices to say that automata "influence" one another to…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-10-28 Mathilde Noual

Causality and game theory are two influential fields that contribute significantly to decision-making in various domains. Causality defines and models causal relationships in complex policy problems, while game theory provides insights into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Maarten C. Vonk , Mauricio Gonzalez Soto , Anna V. Kononova

This work considers the question of how convenient access to copious data impacts our ability to learn causal effects and relations. In what ways is learning causality in the era of big data different from -- or the same as -- the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Ruocheng Guo , Lu Cheng , Jundong Li , P. Richard Hahn , Huan Liu