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This paper studies the extreme gaps between eigenvalues of random matrices. We give the joint limiting law of the smallest gaps for Haar-distributed unitary matrices and matrices from the Gaussian unitary ensemble. In particular, the kth…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-25 Gérard Ben Arous , Paul Bourgade

We determine the asymptotic size of the largest gap between bulk eigenvalues in complex Ginibre matrices.

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Patrick Lopatto , Moritz Otto

We study the distribution of the minimum spacing between eigenvalues of a random n by n unitary matrix. The minimum spacing scales as $n^{-4/3}$, not $n^{-2}$ as would be the case for n independent points on the unit circle, illustrating…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2011-11-14 Jade P. Vinson

We study the gaps between consecutive singular values of random rectangular matrices. Specifically, if $M$ is an $n \times p$ random matrix with independent and identically distributed entries and $\Sigma$ is a $n \times n$ deterministic…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Nicholas Christoffersen , Kyle Luh , Sean O'Rourke , Calum Shearer

Gaps (or spacings) between consecutive eigenvalues are a central topic in random matrix theory. The goal of this paper is to study the tail distribution of these gaps in various random matrix models. We give the first repulsion bound for…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-05 Hoi Nguyen , Terence Tao , Van Vu

We prove an optimal estimate on the smallest singular value of a random subgaussian matrix, valid for all fixed dimensions. For an N by n matrix A with independent and identically distributed subgaussian entries, the smallest singular value…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-23 Mark Rudelson , Roman Vershynin

We consider the probability of having two intervals (gaps) without eigenvalues in the bulk scaling limit of the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble of random matrices. We describe uniform asymptotics for the transition between a single large gap and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-03-19 Benjamin Fahs , Igor Krasovsky

For the correlated Gaussian Wishart ensemble we compute the distribution of the smallest eigenvalue and a related gap probability.We obtain exact results for the complex (\beta=2) and for the real case (\beta=1). For a particular set of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-04-14 Tim Wirtz , Thomas Guhr

Let A be an n x n symmetric random matrix whose upper-triangular entries are independent and follow possibly non-identical subgaussian distributions. This paper investigates the spectral properties of A, including its eigenvalues and…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Zeyan Song , Hanchao Wang

We calculate the probability to find exactly $n$ eigenvalues in a spectral interval of a large random $N \times N$ matrix when this interval contains $s \ll N$ eigenvalues on average. The calculations exploit an analogy to the problem of…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 M. M. Fogler , B. I. Shklovskii

The distributions of the smallest and largest eigenvalues for the matrix product $Z^\dagger Z$, where $Z$ is an $n \times m$ complex Gaussian matrix with correlations both along rows and down columns, are expressed as $m \times m$…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 P. J. Forrester

Wishart random matrix theory is of major importance for the analysis of correlated time series. The distribution of the smallest eigenvalue for Wishart correlation matrices is particularly interesting in many applications. In the complex…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-10-21 Tim Wirtz , Thomas Guhr

We establish an asymptotic formula, uniformly down to the Planck scale, for the number of small gaps between the first N eigenvalues of the Laplacian on almost all flat tori and also on almost all rectangular flat tori.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-26 Valentin Blomer , Maksym Radziwiłł

Consider a $N\times n$ random matrix $Z_n=(Z^n_{j_1 j_2})$ where the individual entries are a realization of a properly rescaled stationary gaussian random field. The purpose of this article is to study the limiting empirical distribution…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-06-13 W. Hachem , P. Loubaton , J. Najim

We consider the probability of two large gaps (intervals without eigenvalues) in the bulk scaling limit of the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble of random matrices. We determine the multiplicative constant in the asymptotics. We also provide the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-03-19 Benjamin Fahs , Igor Krasovsky

Given an $n\times n$ matrix with integer entries in the range $[-h,h]$, how close can two of its distinct eigenvalues be? The best previously known examples have a minimum gap of $h^{-O(n)}$. Here we give an explicit construction of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-14 Aaron Abrams , Zeph Landau , Jamie Pommersheim , Nikhil Srivastava

The current work applies some recent combinatorial tools due to Jain to control the eigenvalue gaps of a matrix $M_n = M + N_n$ where $M$ is deterministic, symmetric with large operator norm and $N_n$ is a random symmetric matrix with…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Kyle Luh , Ryan Vogel , Alan Yu

This paper establishes a new comparison principle for the minimum eigenvalue of a sum of independent random positive-semidefinite matrices. The principle states that the minimum eigenvalue of the matrix sum is controlled by the minimum…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-29 Joel A. Tropp

Let $\a$ be a real-valued random variable of mean zero and variance 1. Let $M_n(\a)$ denote the $n \times n$ random matrix whose entries are iid copies of $\a$ and $\sigma_n(M_n(\a))$ denote the least singular value of $M_n(\a)$.…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-03-04 Terence Tao , Van Vu

Extremal spacings between eigenvalues of random unitary matrices of size N pertaining to circular ensembles are investigated. Explicit probability distributions for the minimal spacing for various ensembles are derived for N = 4. We study…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-11-13 Marek Smaczynski , Tomasz Tkocz , Marek Kus , Karol Zyczkowski
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