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Recently, beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as a more flexible solution to engineer the wireless propagation channels, thanks to its non-diagonal reflecting matrix. Although the gain of the BD-RIS over…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Xiaoqi Zhang , Liang Liu , Shuowen Zhang , Haijun Zhang

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a new advance and generalization of the RIS technique. BD-RIS breaks through the isolation between RIS elements by creatively introducing inter-element connections, thereby…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Yumeng Zhang , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) significantly improve wireless performance by allowing tunable interconnections among elements, but their design in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems has so far…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Ignacio Santamaria , Mohammad Soleymani , Jesus Gutierrez , Eduard Jorswieck

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) allow controlling the propagation environment in wireless networks through reconfigurable elements. Recently, beyond diagonal RISs (BD-RISs) have been proposed as novel RIS architectures whose…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as an innovative and generalized RIS framework that provides greater flexibility in wave manipulation and enhanced coverage. In comparison to conventional RIS,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-24 Shreya Khisa , Ali Amhaz , Mohamed Elhattab , Chadi Assi , Sanaa Sharafeddine

Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RIS) has emerged as a promising evolution of RIS technology. By enabling interconnections between RIS elements, BD-RIS architectures offer greater flexibility in wave manipulation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Kangchun Zhao , Yijie Mao

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as an advancement and generalization of the conventional diagonal RIS (D-RIS) by introducing tunable interconnections between RIS elements, enabling smarter wave…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Yiyang Peng , Hongyu Li , Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs), originally in the passive form, have attracted attention due to their benefits in enhanced wave manipulating through flexible inter-element connections and element arrangements.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Fu Liu , Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen

This letter considers a beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) aided integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where the BD-RIS can help a multi-antenna base station (BS) serve multiple user equipments (UEs)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Xiaoqi Zhang , Liang Liu , Shuowen Zhang , Weifeng Zhu , Haijun Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is regarded as a key enabler of wave/analog-domain beamforming, processing, and computing in future wireless communication systems. Recently, Beyond Diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has been proposed as a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been envisioned as a key technology in future wireless communication networks to enable smart radio environment. To further enhance the passive beamforming capability of RIS, beyond diagonal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Ziang Liu , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a family of RIS architectures more flexible than conventional RIS. While BD-RIS has been primarily analyzed assuming uni-polarized systems, modern wireless deployments are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) architectures offer superior beamforming gain over conventional diagonal RISs. However, the channel estimation overhead is the main hurdle for reaping the above gain in practice.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Rui Wang , Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has gained much traction due to its potential to manipulate the propagation environment via nearly-passive reconfigurable elements. In our previous work, we have analyzed and proposed a beyond…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-29 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology has emerged as a promising enabler for next-generation wireless networks, offering a paradigm shift from passive environments to programmable radio wave propagation. Despite the potential…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Wali Ullah Khan , Chandan Kumar Sheemar , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas

This work studies the wideband modeling and beamforming design of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which generalizes and goes beyond conventional RIS with diagonal phase shift matrices to achieve enhanced channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enable programmable control of the wireless propagation environment and are key enablers for future networks. Beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) architectures enhance conventional RIS by interconnecting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Matteo Nerini , Zheyu Wu , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

We present the first experimental prototype of a reflective beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), i.e., a RIS with reconfigurable inter-element connections. Our BD-RIS consists of an antenna array whose ports are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Jean Tapie , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx , Philipp del Hougne

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) is a new advance in RIS techniques that introduces reconfigurable inter-element connections to generate scattering matrices not limited to being diagonal. BD-RIS has been recently…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-08 Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) refers to a family of RIS architectures characterized by scattering matrices not limited to being diagonal and enables higher wave manipulation flexibility and large performance…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Rui Wang , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu