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In this work, we present an extensive study on the use of pre-trained language models for the task of automatic Counter Narrative (CN) generation to fight online hate speech in English. We first present a comparative study to determine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Helena Bonaldi , Margherita Fanton , Marco Guerini

This paper introduces a context-aware model for robust counterspeech generation, which achieved significant success in the MCG-COLING-2025 shared task. Our approach particularly excelled in low-resource language settings. By leveraging a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Michael Bennie , Bushi Xiao , Chryseis Xinyi Liu , Demi Zhang , Jian Meng , Alayo Tripp

Hate speech (HS) is a critical issue in online discourse, and one promising strategy to counter it is through the use of counter-narratives (CNs). Datasets linking HS with CNs are essential for advancing counterspeech research. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Juan Junqueras , Florian Boudin , May-Myo Zin , Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Wachara Fungwacharakorn , Damián Ariel Furman , Akiko Aizawa , Ken Satoh

The proliferation of hate speech (HS) on social media poses a serious threat to societal security. Automatic counter narrative (CN) generation, as an active strategy for HS intervention, has garnered increasing attention in recent years.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Shuyu Jiang , Wenyi Tang , Xingshu Chen , Rui Tang , Haizhou Wang , Wenxian Wang

Counter-speech generation is at the core of many expert activities, such as fact-checking and hate speech, to counter harmful content. Yet, existing work treats counter-speech generation as pure text generation task, mainly based on Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Greta Damo , Elena Cabrio , Serena Villata

Undermining the impact of hateful content with informed and non-aggressive responses, called counter narratives, has emerged as a possible solution for having healthier online communities. Thus, some NLP studies have started addressing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Margherita Fanton , Helena Bonaldi , Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Marco Guerini

Recent advances in neural methods have led to substantial improvement in the quality of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems. However, these systems frequently produce translations with inaccurate gender (Stanovsky et al., 2019), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Ranjita Naik , Spencer Rarrick , Vishal Chowdhary

Online hate speech threatens online civility, particularly in low-resource and multilingual environments. Counter-narratives offer a promising solution by promoting constructive responses to hate speech. However, automatic counter-narrative…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zahra Safdari Fesaghandis , Suman Kalyan Maity

Hate speech and misinformation frequently co-occur online, amplifying prejudice and polarization. Given their scale, using Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist expert counterspeech (CS) writing has gained interest, yet prior work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Genoveffa Martone , Helena Bonaldi , Marco Guerini

Counterspeech has been demonstrated to be an efficacious approach for combating hate speech. While various conventional and controlled approaches have been studied in recent years to generate counterspeech, a counterspeech with a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Rishabh Gupta , Shaily Desai , Manvi Goel , Anil Bandhakavi , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Md. Shad Akhtar

Although there is an unprecedented effort to provide adequate responses in terms of laws and policies to hate content on social media platforms, dealing with hatred online is still a tough problem. Tackling hate speech in the standard way…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Y. L. Chung , E. Kuzmenko , S. S. Tekiroglu , M. Guerini

We present a computationally-grounded word similarity dataset based on two well-known Natural Language Processing resources; text corpora and knowledge bases. This dataset aims to fulfil a gap in psycholinguistic research by providing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-21 J. Goikoetxea , M. Arantzeta , I. San Martin

Counter-narratives, which are direct responses consisting of non-aggressive fact-based arguments, have emerged as a highly effective approach to combat the proliferation of hate speech. Previous methodologies have primarily focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Linhao Zhang , Li Jin , Guangluan Xu , Xiaoyu Li , Xian Sun

Despite the global prevalence of Modern Standard Chinese language, counterspeech (CS) resources for Chinese remain virtually nonexistent. To address this gap in East Asian counterspeech research we introduce the a corpus of Modern Standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Michael Bennie , Demi Zhang , Bushi Xiao , Jing Cao , Chryseis Xinyi Liu , Jian Meng , Alayo Tripp

Tackling online hatred using informed textual responses - called counter narratives - has been brought under the spotlight recently. Accordingly, a research line has emerged to automatically generate counter narratives in order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Yi-Ling Chung , Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Marco Guerini

Hate speech poses a serious threat to social cohesion and individual well-being, particularly on social media, where it spreads rapidly. While research on hate speech detection has progressed, it remains largely focused on English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Paloma Piot , José Ramom Pichel Campos , Javier Parapar

In recent years, hate speech has gained great relevance in social networks and other virtual media because of its intensity and its relationship with violent acts against members of protected groups. Due to the great amount of content…

Recently research has started focusing on avoiding undesired effects that come with content moderation, such as censorship and overblocking, when dealing with hatred online. The core idea is to directly intervene in the discussion with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Yi-Ling Chung , Marco Guerini

Automated counter-narratives (CN) offer a promising strategy for mitigating online hate speech, yet concerns about their affective tone, accessibility, and ethical risks remain. We propose a framework for evaluating Large Language Model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Mikel K. Ngueajio , Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Yi-Ling Chung , Danda B. Rawat , Amanda Cercas Curry

Recently, contrastive learning attracts increasing interests in neural text generation as a new solution to alleviate the exposure bias problem. It introduces a sequence-level training signal which is crucial to generation tasks that always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chenxin An , Jiangtao Feng , Kai Lv , Lingpeng Kong , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang
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