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Modern search engines are built on a stack of different components, including query understanding, retrieval, multi-stage ranking, and question answering, among others. These components are often optimized and deployed independently. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Xiaolong Huang , Linjun Yang , Rangan Majumder , Furu Wei

Pre-trained code models rely heavily on high-quality pre-training data, particularly human-written reference comments that bridge code and natural language. However, these comments often become outdated as software evolves, degrading model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Kang Yang , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Yanlin Wang , Tanghaoran Zhang , Bo Lin , Yihao Qin , Zhang Zhang , Yao Lu , Kamal Al-Sabahi

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising capabilities for tackling complex reasoning tasks, including optimization problems. However, existing methods either rely on prompt engineering, which leads to poor generalization across problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dong Li , Xujiang Zhao , Linlin Yu , Yanchi Liu , Wei Cheng , Zhengzhang Chen , Zhong Chen , Feng Chen , Chen Zhao , Haifeng Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong promise as rerankers, especially in ``listwise'' settings where an LLM is prompted to rerank several search results at once. However, this ``cascading'' retrieve-and-rerank approach is limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Mandeep Rathee , Sean MacAvaney , Avishek Anand

Systematic reviews are comprehensive literature reviews that address highly focused research questions and represent the highest form of evidence in medicine. A critical step in this process is the development of complex Boolean queries to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shuai Wang , Harrisen Scells , Bevan Koopman , Guido Zuccon

Retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs) leverage relevant content retrieved by information retrieval systems to generate correct responses, aiming to alleviate the hallucination problem. However, existing retriever-responder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Taolin Zhang , Dongyang Li , Qizhou Chen , Chengyu Wang , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Xiaofeng He , Jun Huang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant potential in assisting peer review, current methods often struggle to generate thorough and insightful reviews while maintaining efficiency. In this paper, we propose TreeReview, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yuan Chang , Ziyue Li , Hengyuan Zhang , Yuanbo Kong , Yanru Wu , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Zhijiang Guo , Liya Zhu , Ngai Wong

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to a surge of interest in query augmentation for information retrieval (IR). Two main approaches have emerged. The first prompts LLMs to generate answers or pseudo-documents that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhichao Xu , Shengyao Zhuang , Xueguang Ma , Bingsen Chen , Yijun Tian , Fengran Mo , Jie Cao , Vivek Srikumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful models for generation tasks, but they may not generate good quality outputs in their first attempt. Apart from model fine-tuning, existing approaches to improve prediction accuracy and quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jason Cai , Hang Su , Monica Sunkara , Igor Shalyminov , Saab Mansour

Generating accurate SQL from users' natural language questions (text-to-SQL) remains a long-standing challenge due to the complexities involved in user question understanding, database schema comprehension, and SQL generation. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zijin Hong , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Hao Chen , Junnan Dong , Feiran Huang , Xiao Huang

The hallucinations of large language models (LLMs) are increasingly mitigated by allowing LLMs to search for information and to ground their answers in real sources. Unfortunately, LLMs often struggle with posing the right search queries,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Sheryl Hsu , Omar Khattab , Chelsea Finn , Archit Sharma

Large language models (LLMs) are probabilistic in nature and perform more reliably when augmented with external information. As complex queries often require multi-step reasoning over the retrieved information, with no clear or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Roxana Petcu , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically trained to predict in the forward direction of time. However, recent works have shown that prompting these models to look back and critique their own generations can produce useful feedback.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yerram Varun , Rahul Madhavan , Sravanti Addepalli , Arun Suggala , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Prateek Jain

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems combine large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge retrieval, making them highly effective for knowledge-intensive tasks. A crucial but often under-explored component of these systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jiashuo Sun , Xianrui Zhong , Sizhe Zhou , Jiawei Han

The instruction-following ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has cultivated a class of LLM-based systems capable of approaching complex tasks such as making edits to large code repositories. Due to the high sensitivity and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Beck LaBash , August Rosedale , Alex Reents , Lucas Negritto , Colin Wiel

For e-commerce search, user experience is measured by users' behavioral responses to returned products, like click-through rate and conversion rate, as well as the relevance between returned products and search queries. Consequently,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Aijun Dai , Jixiang Zhang , Haiqing Hu , Guoyu Tang , Lin Liu , Ziguang Cheng

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) heralds a pivotal shift in online user interactions with information. Traditional Information Retrieval (IR) systems primarily relied on query-document matching, whereas LLMs excel in comprehending…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Samira Ghodratnama , Mehrdad Zakershahrak

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, varying response quality across LLMs under RAG necessitates intelligent routing mechanisms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiarui Zhang , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding generation in external, non-parametric knowledge. However, when a task requires choosing among competing options, simply grounding generation in broadly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Hangeol Chang , Changsun Lee , Seungjoon Rho , Junho Yeo , Jong Chul Ye