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In this paper we present a framework to analyze conflicts of contracts written in structured English. A contract that has manually been rewritten in a structured English is automatically translated into a formal language using the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2011-09-14 Seyed M. Montazeri , Nivir K. S. Roy , Gerardo Schneider

Ambiguity is an critical component of language that allows for more effective communication between speakers, but is often ignored in NLP. Recent work suggests that NLP systems may struggle to grasp certain elements of human language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Margaret Y. Li , Alisa Liu , Zhaofeng Wu , Noah A. Smith

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of tasks; however, they still encounter challenges in reasoning tasks that require understanding and inferring relationships between distinct pieces of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Haoyu Han , Yaochen Xie , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sreyashi Nag , William Headden , Hui Liu , Yang Li , Chen Luo , Shuiwang Ji , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

Before implementing a function, programmers are encouraged to write a purpose statement i.e., a short, natural-language explanation of what the function computes. A purpose statement may be ambiguous i.e., it may fail to specify the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Mrigank Pawagi , Viraj Kumar

An overarching goal of natural language processing is to enable machines to communicate seamlessly with humans. However, natural language can be ambiguous or unclear. In cases of uncertainty, humans engage in an interactive process known as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Julia White , Gabriel Poesia , Robert Hawkins , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah Goodman

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved the ability to perform tasks in the field of code generation. However, there is still a gap between LLMs being capable coders and being top-tier software engineers. Based on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jie JW Wu

Understanding user intent is essential for effective planning in conversational assistants, particularly those powered by large language models (LLMs) coordinating multiple agents. However, real-world dialogues are often ambiguous,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Kushan Mitra , Dan Zhang , Hannah Kim , Estevam Hruschka

This paper proposes the problem of Deep Question Generation (DQG), which aims to generate complex questions that require reasoning over multiple pieces of information of the input passage. In order to capture the global structure of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Liangming Pan , Yuxi Xie , Yansong Feng , Tat-Seng Chua , Min-Yen Kan

Many software development tasks, such as implementing features and fixing bugs, begin with developers posing questions about a codebase. However, answering questions about codebases that span millions of lines of code across thousands of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Amirmohammad Nazari , Sadra Sabouri , Wang Bill Zhu , Robin Jia , Souti Chattopadhyay , Mukund Raghothaman

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation tasks. However, a gap remains between their output and the problem-solving strategies of human developers. Unlike humans, who spend substantial time…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jie JW Wu , Manav Chaudhary , Davit Abrahamyan , Arhaan Khaku , Anjiang Wei , Fatemeh H. Fard

Natural language reasoning plays an increasingly important role in improving language models' ability to solve complex language understanding tasks. An interesting use case for reasoning is the resolution of context-dependent ambiguity. But…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Stefan F. Schouten , Peter Bloem , Ilia Markov , Piek Vossen

The use of natural language interfaces (NLIs) to create charts is becoming increasingly popular due to the intuitiveness of natural language interactions. One key challenge in this approach is to accurately capture user intents and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yuan Tian , Weiwei Cui , Dazhen Deng , Xinjing Yi , Yurun Yang , Haidong Zhang , Yingcai Wu

Recent commonsense-reasoning tasks are typically discriminative in nature, where a model answers a multiple-choice question for a certain context. Discriminative tasks are limiting because they fail to adequately evaluate the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Swarnadeep Saha , Prateek Yadav , Lisa Bauer , Mohit Bansal

Extracting individual sentences from a document as evidence or reasoning steps is commonly done in many NLP tasks. However, extracted sentences often lack context necessary to make them understood, e.g., coreference and background…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zhenyun Deng , Yulong Chen , Andreas Vlachos

Asking questions from natural language text has attracted increasing attention recently, and several schemes have been proposed with promising results by asking the right question words and copy relevant words from the input to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Xiyao Ma , Qile Zhu , Yanlin Zhou , Xiaolin Li , Dapeng Wu

Competency Questions (CQs) for an ontology and similar artefacts aim to provide insights into the contents of an ontology and to demarcate its scope. The absence of a controlled natural language, tooling and automation to support the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-18 C. Maria Keet , Zola Mahlaza , Mary-Jane Antia

As deep neural models in NLP become more complex, and as a consequence opaque, the necessity to interpret them becomes greater. A burgeoning interest has emerged in rationalizing explanations to provide short and coherent justifications for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Neema Kotonya , Francesca Toni

In source code search, a common information-seeking strategy involves providing a short initial query with a broad meaning, and then iteratively refining the query using terms gleaned from the results of subsequent searches. This strategy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Zachary Eberhart , Collin McMillan

Task-oriented evaluation of knowledge graph (KG) quality increasingly asks whether an ontology-based representation can answer the competency questions that users actually care about, in a manner that is reproducible, explainable, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Maruf Ahmed Mridul , Rohit Kapa , Oshani Seneviratne

Thousands of complex natural language questions are submitted to community question answering websites on a daily basis, rendering them as one of the most important information sources these days. However, oftentimes submitted questions are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Jan Trienes , Krisztian Balog
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