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Recent advances in large pre-trained vision-language models have demonstrated remarkable performance on zero-shot downstream tasks. Building upon this, recent studies, such as CoOp and CoCoOp, have proposed the use of prompt learning, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Gahyeon Kim , Sohee Kim , Seokju Lee

Few-shot Learning (FSL) is aimed to make predictions based on a limited number of samples. Structured data such as knowledge graphs and ontology libraries has been leveraged to benefit the few-shot setting in various tasks. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Hongbin Ye , Ningyu Zhang , Shumin Deng , Xiang Chen , Hui Chen , Feiyu Xiong , Xi Chen , Huajun Chen

Keyword spotting is an important research field because it plays a key role in device wake-up and user interaction on smart devices. However, it is challenging to minimize errors while operating efficiently in devices with limited resources…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Byeonggeun Kim , Simyung Chang , Jinkyu Lee , Dooyong Sung

Identifying keywords in an open-vocabulary context is crucial for personalizing interactions with smart devices. Previous approaches to open vocabulary keyword spotting dependon a shared embedding space created by audio and text encoders.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Kesavaraj V , Anil Kumar Vuppala

Open-vocabulary keyword spotting (KWS) refers to the task of detecting words or terms within speech recordings, regardless of whether they were included in the training data. This paper introduces an open-vocabulary keyword spotting model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-08 Yael Segal-Feldman , Ann R. Bradlow , Matthew Goldrick , Joseph Keshet

We propose a new method of generating meaningful embeddings for speech, changes to four commonly used meta learning approaches to enable them to perform keyword spotting in continuous signals and an approach of combining their outcomes into…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-26 Florian Lux , Ngoc Thang Vu

With the rise of low power speech-enabled devices, there is a growing demand to quickly produce models for recognizing arbitrary sets of keywords. As with many machine learning tasks, one of the most challenging parts in the model creation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-05 James Lin , Kevin Kilgour , Dominik Roblek , Matthew Sharifi

Recent studies have shown that post-deployment adaptation can improve the robustness of speech enhancement models in unseen noise conditions. However, existing methods often incur prohibitive computational and memory costs, limiting their…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Longbiao Cheng , Shih-Chii Liu

Few-shot keyword spotting (FS-KWS) models usually require large-scale annotated datasets to generalize to unseen target keywords. However, existing KWS datasets are limited in scale and gathering keyword-like labeled data is costly…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Seunghan Yang , Byeonggeun Kim , Kyuhong Shim , Simyung Chang

Few-shot keyword spotting (KWS) aims to detect unknown keywords with limited training samples. A commonly used approach is the pre-training and fine-tuning framework. While effective in clean conditions, this approach struggles with mixed…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Junming Yuan , Ying Shi , LanTian Li , Dong Wang , Askar Hamdulla

Keyword spotting (KWS) is a critical component for enabling speech based user interactions on smart devices. It requires real-time response and high accuracy for good user experience. Recently, neural networks have become an attractive…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-02-16 Yundong Zhang , Naveen Suda , Liangzhen Lai , Vikas Chandra

Speech recognition systems often struggle with data domains that have not been included in the training. To address this, unsupervised domain adaptation has been explored with ensemble and multi-stage teacher-student training methods…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Rehan Ahmad , Muhammad Umar Farooq , Qihang Feng , Thomas Hain

Models based on attention mechanisms have shown unprecedented speech recognition performance. However, they are computationally expensive and unnecessarily complex for keyword spotting, a task targeted to small-footprint devices. This work…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-02 Biel Tura , Santiago Escuder , Ferran Diego , Carlos Segura , Jordi Luque

On-device learning enables edge devices to continually adapt the AI models to new data, which requires a small memory footprint to fit the tight memory constraint of edge devices. Existing work solves this problem by reducing the number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Han Cai , Chuang Gan , Ligeng Zhu , Song Han

In this paper, we investigated a speech augmentation based unsupervised learning approach for keyword spotting (KWS) task. KWS is a useful speech application, yet also heavily depends on the labeled data. We designed a CNN-Attention…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Jian Luo , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Haobin Tang , Jing Xiao

Recognizing a particular command or a keyword, keyword spotting has been widely used in many voice interfaces such as Amazon's Alexa and Google Home. In order to recognize a set of keywords, most of the recent deep learning based approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-14 Archit Parnami , Minwoo Lee

In this paper, we focus on the task of small-footprint keyword spotting under the far-field scenario. Far-field environments are commonly encountered in real-life speech applications, causing severe degradation of performance due to room…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-10 Haiwei Wu , Yan Jia , Yuanfei Nie , Ming Li

We demonstrate that a production-quality keyword-spotting model can be trained on-device using federated learning and achieve comparable false accept and false reject rates to a centrally-trained model. To overcome the algorithmic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-05 Andrew Hard , Kurt Partridge , Cameron Nguyen , Niranjan Subrahmanya , Aishanee Shah , Pai Zhu , Ignacio Lopez Moreno , Rajiv Mathews

As technology advances and digital devices become prevalent, seamless human-machine communication is increasingly gaining significance. The growing adoption of mobile, wearable, and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices has changed how we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-08 Aaqib Saeed , Vasileios Tsouvalas

The goal of this work is to detect new spoken terms defined by users. While most previous works address Keyword Spotting (KWS) as a closed-set classification problem, this limits their transferability to unseen terms. The ability to define…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Jaemin Jung , Youkyum Kim , Jihwan Park , Youshin Lim , Byeong-Yeol Kim , Youngjoon Jang , Joon Son Chung