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Test-time adaptation (TTA) adapts pre-trained models to distribution shifts at inference using only unlabeled test data. Under the Practical TTA (PTTA) setting, where test streams are temporally correlated and non-i.i.d., memory has become…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yu-Wen Tseng , Xingyi Zheng , Ya-Chen Wu , I-Bin Liao , Yung-Hui Li , Hong-Han Shuai , Wen-Huang Cheng

Real-world application models are commonly deployed in dynamic environments, where the target domain distribution undergoes temporal changes. Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) has recently emerged as a promising technique to gradually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shilei Cao , Juepeng Zheng , Yan Liu , Baoquan Zhao , Ziqi Yuan , Weijia Li , Runmin Dong , Haohuan Fu

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to transfer knowledge from a source model to unknown test data with potential distribution shifts in an online manner. Many existing TTA methods rely on entropy as a confidence metric to optimize the model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chang'an Yi , Xiaohui Deng , Shuaicheng Niu , Yan Zhou

Monitoring the growth of subcortical regions of the fetal brain in ultrasound (US) images can help identify the presence of abnormal development. Manually segmenting these regions is a challenging task, but recent work has shown that it can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Joshua Omolegan , Pak Hei Yeung , Madeleine K. Wyburd , Linde Hesse , Monique Haak , Intergrowth-21st Consortium , Ana I. L. Namburete , Nicola K. Dinsdale

Distribution shift is a common challenge in medical images obtained from different clinical centers, significantly hindering the deployment of pre-trained semantic segmentation models in real-world applications across multiple domains.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Lingrui Li , Yanfeng Zhou , Nan Pu , Xin Chen , Zhun Zhong

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt the source model to continually changing unlabeled target domains without access to the source data. Existing methods mainly focus on model-based adaptation in a self-training manner, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yulu Gan , Yan Bai , Yihang Lou , Xianzheng Ma , Renrui Zhang , Nian Shi , Lin Luo

The main progress for action segmentation comes from densely-annotated data for fully-supervised learning. Since manual annotation for frame-level actions is time-consuming and challenging, we propose to exploit auxiliary unlabeled videos,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Min-Hung Chen , Baopu Li , Yingze Bao , Ghassan AlRegib

Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) are trained offline using the few available data and may therefore suffer from substantial accuracy loss when ported on the field, where unseen input patterns received under unpredictable external…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Luca Mocerino , Roberto G. Rizzo , Valentino Peluso , Andrea Calimera , Enrico Macii

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities and generalization in embodied manipulation. However, their decision-making relies on a fast, instinctive process that lacks deliberation. This strategy often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhao Li , Xiu Su , Yichao Cao , Hongyan Xu , Xiaobo Xia , Shan You , Yi Chen , Chang Xu

Multimodal 3D vision-language models show strong generalization across diverse 3D tasks, but their performance still degrades notably under domain shifts. This has motivated recent studies on test-time adaptation (TTA), which enables models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xingyu Zhu , Liang Yi , Shuo Wang , Wenbo Zhu , Yonglinag Wu , Beier Zhu , Hanwang Zhang

The practical utility of Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) systems is undermined by their fragility to domain shifts, such as speaker variability, the distinction between acted and naturalistic emotions, and cross-corpus variations. While…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Jiaheng Dong , Hong Jia , Ting Dang

Adaptation of pretrained vision-language models such as CLIP to various downstream tasks have raised great interest in recent researches. Previous works have proposed a variety of test-time adaptation (TTA) methods to achieve strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Taolin Zhang , Jinpeng Wang , Hang Guo , Tao Dai , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) is an emerging research topic that aims to understand and recognize human sentiment or emotions through multiple modalities. However, in real-world dynamic scenarios, the distribution of target data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zirun Guo , Tao Jin , Wenlong Xu , Wang Lin , Yangyang Wu

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm to handle the domain shifts at test time for medical images from different institutions without using extra training data. However, existing TTA solutions for segmentation tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Chuyan Zhang , Hao Zheng , Xin You , Yefeng Zheng , Yun Gu

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses domain shifts between training and testing. However, existing methods assume a homogeneous target domain (e.g., single domain) at any given time. They fail to handle the dynamic nature of real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Chuyang Ye , Dongyan Wei , Zhendong Liu , Yuanyi Pang , Yixi Lin , Qinting Jiang , Jingyan Jiang , Dongbiao He

Test-time adaptation (TTA) of 3D point clouds is crucial for mitigating discrepancies between training and testing samples in real-world scenarios, particularly when handling corrupted point clouds. LiDAR data, for instance, can be affected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Aijun An , Ali Cheraghian , Shafin Rahman , Sameera Ramasinghe

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enhances model robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data by updating the model online during inference, yet existing methods lack theoretical insights into the fundamental causes of performance degradation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiao Chen , Zhongjing Du , Jiazhen Huang , Xu Jiang , Li Lu , Jingyan Jiang , Zhi Wang

Currently, pre-trained language models (PLMs) do not cope well with the distribution shift problem, resulting in models trained on the training set failing in real test scenarios. To address this problem, the test-time adaptation (TTA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Yi Su , Yixin Ji , Juntao Li , Hai Ye , Min Zhang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enables efficient adaptation of deployed models, yet it often leads to poorly calibrated predictive uncertainty - a critical issue in high-stakes domains such as autonomous driving, finance, and healthcare.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Gilhyun Nam , Taewon Kim , Joonhyun Jeong , Eunho Yang

Test time Adaptation is a promising approach for mitigating domain shift in medical image segmentation; however, current evaluations remain limited in terms of modality coverage, task diversity, and methodological consistency. We present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Wenjing Yu , Shuo Jiang , Yifei Chen , Shuo Chang , Yuanhan Wang , Beining Wu , Jie Dong , Mingxuan Liu , Shenghao Zhu , Feiwei Qin , Changmiao Wang , Qiyuan Tian