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We discuss work extraction from classical information engines (e.g., Szil\'ard) with $N$-particles, $q$ partitions, and initial arbitrary non-equilibrium states. In particular, we focus on their {\em optimal} behaviour, which includes the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-10 Léo Touzo , Matteo Marsili , Neri Merhav , Édgar Roldán

We demonstrate the possibility of a genuine quantum advantage in the efficiency of quantum batteries by analyzing a model that enables a consistent comparison between quantum and classical regimes. Our system consists of $N$ harmonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 F. Cavaliere , D. Ferraro , M. Carrega , G. Benenti , M. Sassetti

For systems in an externally controllable time-dependent potential, the optimal protocol minimizes the mean work spent in a finite-time transition between given initial and final values of a control parameter. For an initially thermalized…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Tim Schmiedl , Eckhard Dieterich , Peter-Simon Dieterich , Udo Seifert

The dynamics of a closed quantum system is often studied with the direct evolution of the Schrodinger equation. In this paper, we propose that the gauge choice (i.e. degrees of freedom irrelevant to physical observables) of the Schrodinger…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-20 Dong An , Lin Lin

An important challenge in quantum science is to fully understand the efficiency of energy flow in networks. Here we present a simple and intuitive explanation for the intriguing observation that optimally efficient networks are not purely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-24 Ying Li , Filippo Caruso , Erik Gauger , Simon C. Benjamin

"A battery powers a device" can be read as "work stored in the battery is being transported to the device." In quantum batteries, the total amount of stored work can be measured by ergotropy, which is the maximal work extractable by unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-20 Rick P. A. Simon , Janet Anders , Karen V. Hovhannisyan

Motivated by the research on upper bounds on the rate of quantum transport for one-dimensional operators, particularly, the recent works of Jitomirskaya--Liu and Jitomirskaya--Powell and the earlier ones of Damanik--Tcheremchantsev, we…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 Mira Shamis , Sasha Sodin

Free energy fixes the maximum work of a thermodynamic process once the state and Hamiltonian are specified. A work-extraction task asks a different question: how much average work can a single device realize across several preparations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Sumit Rout , Aravinth Balaji Ravichandran , Paweł Horodecki , Anubhav Chaturvedi

Work extraction is a fundamental aspect in thermodynamics. In the context of quantum physics, ergotropy quantifies the maximum amount of work that can be obtained from quantum system through cyclic unitary process. In this work, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-17 Maryam Hadipour , Soroush Haseli

We examine the transport of useful energy, i.e. extractable work as quantified by the ergotropy, along a spin chain with tuneable exchange couplings between the sites. We focus on, and interpolate between, the two physically relevant limits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Dara Murphy , Anthony Kiely , Irene D'Amico , Steve Campbell

Many techniques originally developed in the context of deterministic control theory have been recently applied to the quest for optimal protocols in stochastic processes. Given a system subject to environmental fluctuations, one may ask…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-15 Dario Lucente , Alessandro Manacorda , Andrea Plati , Alessandro Sarracino , Marco Baldovin

Quantum hardware increasingly relies on energy reserves that can later be converted into useful work; yet, most battery-like proposals demand coherent drives or engineered non-equilibrium resources, limiting practicality in noisy settings.…

We identify generic protocols achieving optimal power extraction from a single active particle subject to continuous feedback control under the assumption that its spatial trajectory, but not its instantaneous self-propulsion force, is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-08 Luca Cocconi , Jacob Knight , Connor Roberts

We propose a physical scheme of a uniformly accelerated Unruh-DeWitt battery and utilize quantum work extraction as a probe to witness the thermal nature of the Unruh effect induced by the accelerated motion. By employing the open quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-10 Wei-Wei Zhang , Tian-Xi Ren , Yin-Zhong Wu , Xiang Hao

We investigate how an external driving field can control the amount of extractable work from a quantum emitter, a two-level quantum system (TLS) interacting with a photonic environment. In this scenario, the TLS functions as a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Paulson Kavalambramalil George , Hanna Terletska , Herbert F Fotso

After the justification of the maximum entropy approach for equilibrium thermodynamic system, and of a maximum path entropy algorithm for nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems by virtue of the principle of virtual work, we present in this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-12-18 Qiuping A. Wang

We present an optimal control-based strategy to enhance the estimation of impulse-like disturbances in continuously monitored linear classical and quantum systems by exploiting non-equilibrium states. Using optimal estimation techniques for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Kaspar Schmerling , Andreas Kugi , Andreas Deutschmann-Olek

Understanding the complex patterns in space-time exhibited by active systems has been the subject of much interest in recent times. Complementing this forward problem is the inverse problem of controlling active matter. Here we use optimal…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-10-12 Suraj Shankar , Vidya Raju , L. Mahadevan

This paper presents a global optimization approach to quantum mechanics, which describes the most fundamental dynamics of the universe. It suggests that the wave-like behavior of (sub)atomic particles could be the critical characteristic of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xiaofei Huang

We consider nonlinear stochastic systems that arise in path planning and control of mobile robots. As is typical of almost all nonlinear stochastic systems, the optimally solving problem is intractable. We provide a design approach which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Mohammadhussein Rafieisakhaei , Suman Chakravorty , P. R. Kumar